Lesson 3 Cell Division Flashcards
What is cell cycle?
a cycle when a cell grows, preps for division and divides into two daughter cells
What is interphase?
The first stage , during which a cell grows and makes a copy of its DNA
What is replication?
a cell makes a copy of the DNA in its nucleus before cell division
What is a chromosome?
Threadlike structure within a cell’s nucleus that contains DNA
What is mitosis?
The second stage of cell cycle during which the cell’s nucleus divides into two new nuclei and one set of DNA is distributed into each daughter cell
What is cytokinesis?
The final stage of the cell cycle, cell’s cytoplasm divides distributing the organelles into each of the two new daughter cell’s
What does cell division allow?
Growth, reproduction, and repair
What are the ways organisms can reproduce (a,b,c)?
a. Just thru cell division
b. when cell division leads to new cell structures
c. When two specialized cells combine, making a new cell
What happens during growth in interphase?
Cell grows to its full size, producing all organelles in the process
What happens inside the nucleus during interphase?
DNA & proteins form chromosomes
What happens at the end of replication?
the cell will contain two identical sets of chromosomes
What is the first stage of cell division?
interphase
At the end of interphase the cell is ready to…
divide
what is the second stage of cell division?
mitosis
What happens during mitosis?
The cell’s nucleus divides and one set of DNA is given to each forming daughter cell
What are the four phases of mitosis in order?
PMAT
What happens during prophase?
nucleus dissolves, chromosomes condense, centrioles move to opposite sides of the cells
What happens during metaphase?
spindle fibers attach to the centromere of the duplicated chromosome and nucleus disappears
What happens during anaphase?
Spindle fibers split the duplicated chromosomes to two chromatids each cell membrane stretches (peanut stage)
What is a chromatid?
The threadlike structure attached to the centromere. Two per chromosome
What happens during telophase?
Nuclear membrane envelope redevelops
What is a centromere?
It holds all the chromatids together
What is a duplicated chromosome?
Four chromatids with a centromere
What is the final stage of cell division?
Cytokinesis
cytokinesis starts at the same time as…
telophase
What happens at the end of cytokinesis?
The start of a new cycle
What happens in cytokinesis in animal cells?
cytoplasm splits into two cells and each daughter cell gets half of parents organelles
What happens in cytokinesis in plant cells?
A cell plate forms across the middle of a plant cell, cell plate starts to form new cell membranes between the two daughter cells
