LESSON 3: ATOMS Flashcards
FRENCH CHEMIST, experimented with MERCURY in a jar
Antoine Laurent Lavoisier
“Matter is neither created nor destroyed, but it is transformed from one form to another.”
LAW OF CONSERVATION OF MASS
Antoine Laurent Lavoisier
When matter reacts with another matter, the sum of the masses of the resulting products would ___________ as the initial total mass of the unreacted matter.
always be the same
LAW OF CONSERVATION OF MASS
Antoine Laurent Lavoisier
LAW OF CONSERVATION OF MASS
Joseph Proust
LAW OF DEFINITE PROPORTIONS
Fellow chemist of Lavoisier, experimented with PYRITE (FeS2)
Joseph Proust
“All compounds are made up of FIXED PROPORTIONS of elements in terms of mass”
LAW OF DEFINITE PROPORTIONS
Joseph Proust
The proportions are ________ regardless of where the compound came from or how it was made
CONSTANT
LAW OF DEFINITE PROPORTIONS
From the discovery of Proust, discovered that proportions of masses in a compound can be expressed in NUMERICAL RATIOS.
LAW OF MULTIPLE PROPORTIONS
John Dalton
“The tendency among elements in a compound to form a ________________”
ratio of small whole numbers
Solid Sphere Model
Dalton’s Atomic Theory
JOHN DALTON
Plum pudding Model
JOHN JOSEPH THOMSON
Nuclear Model
ERNEST RUTHERFORD
ELECTRON
JOHN JOSEPH THOMSON
PROTON
ERNEST RUTHERFORD
NEUTRON
JAMES CHADWICK
• Assigned orbits to electrons that correspond to their ENERGY LEVEL
• PLANETARY MODEL of the atom
• The farther the electron’s orbit is from the nucleus, the less energy would be needed to remove that electron and transfer it farther.
NIELS BOHR
• He found out that electrons are MOVING, exact position cannot be pinpointed
• Electron CLOUD MODEL
• This is the ACCEPTED accurate depiction of atomic structure
ERWIN SCHRODINGER
Represents the symbol of the element
ATOMIC SYMBOL
Represents the number of proton an element
ATOMIC NUMBER
Represents the sum of the masses of the atom’s protons and neutrons has
ATOMIC MASS
It is a variant of an element but has MORE NEUTRONS than the element’s stable form.
ISOTOPES
The atoms of an element’s isotope have _________, although extra neutron makes an isotope unstable.
greater
mass
Number of protons is the ______ in all isotopes of a given element.
same
32P
Cancer detection and treatment (esp. eyes and skin)
59Fe
Anemia diagnosis
60Co
Gamma ray irradiation of tumors
99Tc
Brain, thyroid, bone marrow, lung, heart, and intestinal scanning; blood volume determination
131I
Diagnosis and treatment of thyroid functions
133Xe
Lung imaging
198Au
Liver disease diagnosis
