LESSON 2: MEASUREMENT AND SEPERATION TECHNIQUES Flashcards
these are the observations of the physical and chemical properties and changes that matter undergoes that are often reported QUANTITATIVELY
MEASUREMENT
QUANTIFY the property of an object and gives full context to the numbers of the property being measured
UNITS
invented by FRENCH in the 18th century; based on the powers of ten
METRIC SYSTEM
system used in some US countries
ENGLISH SYSTEM
1960; GLOBAL standard definition of units of measurement that would remain the same REGARDLESS OF THE PLACE where it is used
INTERNATIONAL SYSTEM OF UNITS (SI UNITS)
other units of measurement obtained by a combination of base units
DERIVED UNITS
SEVEN STANDARD BASE UNITS
length
mass
time
temperature
amount of substance
electric current
luminous intensity
BASE UNITS:
length
meter
BASE UNITS:
mass
kilogram
BASE UNITS:
time
second
BASE UNITS:
temperature
kelvin
BASE UNITS:
amount of substance
mole
BASE UNITS:
electric current
ampere
BASE UNITS:
luminous intensity
candela
SYMBOL:
length
m
SYMBOL:
mass
kg
SYMBOL:
time
s
SYMBOL:
time
s
SYMBOL:
temperature
K
SYMBOL:
amount of substance
mol
SYMBOL:
electric current
A
SYMBOL:
luminous intensity
cd
UNITS DERIVED FROM SI BASE UNITS
density
speed
energy
BASE UNITS:
density
gram per cubic meter
BASE UNITS:
speed
meter per second
BASE UNITS:
energy
joule
SYMBOL:
density
g/m3
SYMBOL:
speed
m/s
SYMBOL:
energy
J
*note: 1J = (kg)(m2)/s2
OPERATIONS WITH SIGNIFICANT FIGURES
addition, subtraction, multiplication and division
TRUE OR FALSE:
when two measurements are added or subtracted, the sum or difference MUST HAVE THE SAME NUMBER of decimal places as the measurement with the FEWEST number of decimal places
TRUE
TRUE OR FALSE:
when two measurements are added or subtracted, the sum or difference MUST NOT HAVE THE SAME NUMBER of decimal places as the measurement with the FEWEST number of decimal places
FALSE
TRUE OR FALSE:
measurements that are multiplied or divided will FOLLOW the LEAST number of significant figures from the original measurement
TRUE
TRUE OR FALSE:
measurements that are multiplied or divided will NOT FOLLOW the LEAST number of significant figures from the original measurement
FALSE
combination of trueness and precision
ACCURACY
NEARNESS of measurement to the TRUE VALUE
TRUENESS
NEARNESS of the values of MULTIPLE MEASUREMENTS TO EACH OTHER
PRECISION
involves the SEPARATION of the SOLID component of a mixture from its LIQUID component; and solids mixed with gases
FILTRATION
mixture passes through _____ or membrane that enables liquids or gases to pass but solids
porous surface
separated solids
RESIDUE
gas without the solid components
FILTRATE
separate two or more different liquids and gases that form a mixture
DISTILLATION
can also be used to separate solids that are small for porous membranes to separate from their fluid medium, relies on volatilities of components
DISTILLATION
condensed vapor
DISTILLATE
can be used to separate constituent parts of a mixture, particularly homogenous mixtures
fixed medium could be a paper, gel, or cellulose
CHROMATOGRAPHY
PHYSICAL METHODS OF SEPERATION
filtration
distillation
chromatography
