lesson 3

Question 1

“of first” or “primary”

Answer 1

proteios

Question 2

fundamental structural unit/elements of every cell of the body

Answer 2

PROTEIN

Question 3

what do you call the chemical compounds that builds protein?

Answer 3

amino acids

Question 4

these are not manufactured by the body and are obtained only from the food we eat.

Answer 4

Essential-Amino Acids

Question 5

what are the essential amino acids?

Answer 5

Histidine
Isoleucine
Leucine
Lysine
Methionine
Phenylalanine
Threonine
Trytophan
Valine

Question 6

can maintain life processes for adults but not enough for normal growth in children.

Answer 6

Semi-essential

Question 7

example of semi essential amino acid

Answer 7

arginine

Question 8

they are synthesized/manufactured by the body so they are not essential in the diet

Answer 8

non-essential amino acid

Question 9

give examples of non-essential amino acids

Answer 9

Alanine
Aspargine
Aspartic Acid
Cystine (Cysteine)
Glutamic Acid
Glutamine
Glycine
Hydroxylysine
Hydroxyproline
Proline
Serine
Tyrosine

Question 10

• adding micronutrients to foods to ensure that minimum dietary requirements are met.

Answer 10

Fortification

Question 11

• vitamins or minerals have been added to the food

Answer 11

Enrichment

Question 12

• a preparation intended to provide nutrients that may be missing or may not be consumed in sufficient quantity in a person’s diet.

Answer 12

Supplementation

Question 13

• any protein that is incomplete on its own but may become complete when combined with other proteins to provide all of the amino acids necessary for normal metabolism.

Answer 13

Complementation

Question 14

breaks down proteins into smaller polypeptides & some amino acids.

Answer 14

pepsin

Question 15

uses the amino acid that it needs & releases those that aren’t needed elsewhere.

Answer 15

liver

Question 16

✔ It regulates the release of amino acids into the bloodstream and removes excess amino acids from the circulation
✔ It regulates energy metabolism

Answer 16

liver

Question 17

• proteins are broken down
  by the body into amino acids.

Answer 17

catabolism

Question 18

– amino acids are resynthesized into tissues as needed.

Answer 18

Anabolism

Question 19

Index of the amount of CHON utilized by the body & how well body tissues are being maintained.

Answer 19

Nitrogen Balance

Question 20

• occurs when the body takes in more nitrogen than it excretes = tissue building

Answer 20

Positive Nitrogen Balance

Question 21

occurs when the body takes in less nitrogen than it excretes = More tissues are broken down than built

Answer 21

Negative Nitrogen Balance

Question 22

develops when there is an inadequate supply or intake of protein e.g. in case of famine, poverty and inadequate food supply.

Answer 22

Protein Deficiency (Kwashiorkor)

Question 23

resulting from severe malnutrition
- afflicts young children and adults who lack both energy and protein foods as well as vitamins and minerals

Answer 23

Protein Energy Malnutrition ( Marasmus)

Question 24

put more demands on the liver (which converts nitrogen to urea) and the kidneys to excrete excess urea as in the case of ketosis

Answer 24

Protein Excess

Question 25

• Growth retardation • Increased susceptibility to infection • Loss of muscle tissue leading to impairment of body function

Answer 25

Effects of Imbalance

Question 26

sources of protein

Answer 26

❑ Animals (beef, chicken, pork, veal, carabeaf, glandular organs, sausages) ❑ Fish, shellfish, crab, shrimp, lobster ❑ Plants (legumes, nuts, string beans, mongo, soybean, sesame sead, garbanzos, green beans, cereals) ❑ Eggs, cheese, whole milk & other milk products