lesson 2 Flashcards
• the body’s chief source of energy
CARBOHYDRATES
• found/prominent almost exclusively in plant
kingdom
• organic compounds of carbon, hydrogen, & oxygen (CHO)
Carbohydrates
• stored in the muscles & in the liver and can be converted quickly into body’s energy
• Most abundant in the diet because:
- widely available, low cost, practical storage
Carbohydrates
✔ simplest form of carbohydrates
MONOSACCHARIDE
✔ they are sweet, require no digestion, and can be absorbed directly into the bloodstream from the small intestine.
MONOSACCHARIDE
- dextrose or grape sugar
- “physiologic sugar”
- only sugar in the blood
- end product of CHO digestion
- found naturally in corn syrup and some fruits and vegetables
Glucose
- levulose or fruit sugar
- found in honey, fruits ( increased ripeness: increased fructose), and vegetables
Fructose
- occurs mostly as part of lactose
- hydrolyzed from lactose
Galactose
- pairs of single sugars linked together.
Disaccharide (2 sugar units)
- table or white sugar
- usually obtained by refining the juice from sugar beets or sugarcane
- occurs naturally in many fruits and vegetables
Sucrose
glucose + fructose = ????
Sucrose
- “milk sugar”
- found in mammary glands (breast milk)not in plants
- helps the body absorb calcium
- least sweet of all disaccharides
Lactose
glucose + galactose = ????
Lactose
plant sugar consists of two glucose units (glucose + glucose)
maltose
- used as sweetener, not usually found in the diet
- produced when starch breaks down in
plants with the aid of enzyme Diastase for energy and start to sprout (ex. grains) and in human beings during carbohydrate digestion.
Maltose
commonly called complex carbohydrates
polysaccharides
✔the storage form of glucose in plants
✔world’s most abundant and cheap form of CHO
✔supply energy over a longer period of time
✔mostly found in grains & cereals, cooked dried
beans & peas & tubers e.g. potato, camote, yam & cassava)
Starch
✔ Storage form of glucose in the body
✔ Approximately one-half day’s supply of energy is stored as glycogen in the liver and muscles
✔ When needed for energy, hormone glucagon in the liver will help convert it into glucose again
Glycogen
✔ Also called roughage
✔ Indigestible because it cannot be broken down by
digestive enzymes
✔ Types: soluble and insoluble
Fiber
Dissolves in water, forms gel & more readily digested by bacteria in the human large intestine
Soluble fibers
Also known as cellulose or roughage
Retain their structure and rough texture
even after hours of cooking
Insoluble fiber
sugar substitute for candies, gums, beverages
sorbitol
- added as drying agent in many foods
- increases urine production through osmotic effects on blood and urine
Mannitol
Food Sources of CHO
• Sugars
• Cereal grains and their products
• Root crops and legumes
• Starchy vegetables
• Fruits
• Milk
