lesson 3 Flashcards
COSMOCENTRIC (focused on physics or the discovery of nautre) and LOGOCENTRIC (reason based)
ancient conception
he changed the philoosphical landscape of doing philosophy and challenged sophists (e.g. protagoras, thrasymachus)
socrates
Did not have an explicit discussion about his view on the human person. He put an emphasis on the Arete of the Psyche.
SOCRATES
arete means?
excellence
psyche means?
soul
His philosophy primarily focuses on how the soul deals with excellence or how the soul can achieve excellence.
Socrates
“the only thing i know, is that i know nothing”
this is an example of what
socratic irony
he placed greater emphasis on the role of the mind (also understood as the soul of the person)
plato
- Knowledge of the good
- Cultivation of the soul
- Says “the human person is a soul”
- his teacher was Socrates
- emphasized the importance of knowledge.
plato
According to —–, the intellect must be continuously cultivated. Without knowledge one cannot live a moral life but what kind of knowledge should one have?
Plato
according to plato’s philosophy this is: Imperfect
Changing
Known through senses
The physical world
world of matter
according to plato’s philosophy this is: Perfect
Unchanging
beyond the human senses
Exists independently.
eternal ideas like justice, beauty, soul, etc.
world of forms
3 parts of the human soul according to Plato
rational, spritiual, appetitive
This is the one that guides our thinking toward the truth
Rational
Heart of the soul
Spiritual
Contains the leisures of one person, like our fulfillments and desires.
Appetitive
- true knowledge can be known through experience
- student of Plato but departed from Plato’s ideas.
- dualism of the body and the soul does not exist.
aristotle
the human person is the composite of substance and form that always exist together, aristotle called this —-.
hylomorphism
— is what underlies and persists through change. ‘di nagbabago throughout your entire time in the world.
Substance - Aristotle’s theory of substance
it is the underlying substance of an object
hyle (matter)
it is the specific structure that gives an objects properties
morphe (form)
who believed that Hyle is the soul and morphe is the body.
aristotle.
own individuality, we are unique. This individuality makes us human.
individual substance -
“Man by nature is a rational animal.” We are animals but what sets us apart from animals is our capacity to reason with intellect or to think and reflect.
rational nature -
it is the principle that makes anything move.
The soul
This is happiness. To achieve ——, one must live in accordance with virtue and reason.
eudaimonia
- thinkers during this time tried to reconcile reason and faith/theology.
- It was to make faith reasonable
MEDIEVAL CONCEPTION
“The human person is a soul that temporarily inhibits the body”
- the body is mortal, but the soul lives forever
ST. AUGUSTINE OF HIPPO
The body is a temporary vessel during our life. After life, souls go back to God after death. for ——-, the soul’s destiny is union with god.
ST. AUGUSTINE OF HIPPO
whose main principle is this:
Humans are created in the image and likeness of god.
ST. AUGUSTINE OF HIPPO
it is the special connection with god.
divine origin
human soul is the center of the imago dei
Moral and spiritual nature
it is seeking union with god.
Teleological
his philosophy is
The ultimate purpose of life is to be with god. to hold the divine image within. we are in a journey towards god.
st augustine
heavily influenced by Aristotle
- He viewed the human as an individual substance of a rational nature and a composite of body and soul
The soul provides the body its identity. The soul animates the body. it is the reason as to why we can move.
ST. THOMAS AQUINAS
In the —- times, there ideas were based on theology or faith.
medieval
In the —– times, their views center on the mind or rationality.
modern
- Father of modern philosophy.
- He was searching for a kind of truth that is indubitable
- There is one thing that cannot be doubted, which is the thinking self.
RENE DESCARTES
The —- is a version of you who is able to think and doubt
thinking self
a specific kind of method to reach doubt.
— You doubt everything that can be doubted to achieve certainty. This is the way to philosophical enlightenment.
Methodic doubt
“Cogito , ergo sum.” means?
I think therefore I am
t or f
Descartes is a rationalist.
true
A —- believes that knowledge comes from reason. This is in contrast to empiricism because you believe that knowledge comes from a sense of experience.
rationalist person
THE HUMAN PERSON ACCORDING TO DESCARTES:
Us humans our thinking selves distinct from the physical world
This is the human person
Res cogitans - the thinking self
THE HUMAN PERSON ACCORDING TO DESCARTES:
The things that have first contact with the physical world.
In this sense, descartes believes it is the body that is also known as our point of contact
Res extensa - extended self
his philosophy revolves around Rational autonomy: Rationality and autonomy
IMMANUEL KANT
: To make moral choices freely and independently.
Autonomy
allows us to use our reason in making moral judgements and act according to principle.
Rationality
being aware of moral responsibilities
Rational autonomy:
- Not as famous but was a prominent thinker in existentialism.
- His understanding of the human person is multifaceted.
- Commonly, his ideas are established within the existence of the stage of life.
SOREN KIERKEGAARD
