Lesson 3 Flashcards
What is lost time injury?
Injuries from work accident results in employee missing work and for the employe receives compensation for lost income
What is lost time rate?
Probability of lost time within 100 years worked.
Calculated by dividing the number of lost time claims by the person years worked estimate, by the years worked, and multiplying result by 100
What is direct cost?
Identifiable costs as a result of an accident
What are indirect costs?
Not accountable costs depends on manager
Exp. Time lost by uninjured worker, production slowdowns, time required to investigate accident
Does the direct cost exceed the indirect cost?
No, the opposite
How could we fix the national budget deficit?
By solving the national workplace injury problem
How many other developed countries are less than us in workplace accidents?
24 out of 29
What are the other costs of workplace accidents for the injured?
Time pressures —> will it heal
Financial pressures
Stress
Quality of life
Social isolation
Company’s reputation
What type is the most reoccurring injury and where?
Strains/sprains and the hand
What are the 6 accident causation theories?
Domino
Human factors
Accident/incident
Epidemiological
Systems
Combination
Behavioural
What is the domino theory?
5 factors in consecutive sequence leading up to accident
What are the factors in the domino theory?
Ancestry and social environment —> people’s upbringing, genetics
Fault of person —> individual acting unsafe
Unsafe act/mechanical or physical hazard
Accident
Injury
What are the two central points for domino theory?
Injuries caused by action of preceding factors
Removal of central factor negatives action of preceding factors
What is the human factor theory?
Chain of events lead to accidents, caused by human error
Consist of three broad factors, overload, inappropriate response, inappropriate activities
What is overload?
Imbalance between persons capacity at any given time and load person is carrying
Consider environmental, internal and situation factors
What is inappropriate response?
Persons disregrads established safety procedure
What is inappropriate activities?
Actives undertaken with disregard for safety procedures
What is the accident/ incident theory?
Extension of human factors
Overload of ergonomic traps leads to human error
What is systems failure?
Demonstrates casual relationship between management decisions, behaviour and safety
How can a system fail?
Workers not trained properly
Safety responsibility not defined
Safety procedures ignored
What is the epidemiological theory?
Study of relationships between environmental factors and accidents/disease
Key components: predispositional characteristics and situational characteristics
What are the event chain theories?
Domino, accident/incident, epidemiological, human factors
What are the similarities between each event chain theories?
Occur in sequence
Ignores indirect relationships
Involve human error, component failure, and energy relate factors
What are the limitations to event chain theories?
Neglect social and organizational factors
Not consider external factors with respect to human error
Ignores tendency of experienced workers to behave at a higher risk
What is a system?
Group of regulatory interacting interrelated components that together form a unified whole
What is the systems theory comprised of?
Person
Machine
Environment
Determined by the three components
What are the three activities that take place between system and the task to be performed?
Collect information
Weight risks
Make a decision 
What is the combination theory?
Explains the cause of an accident by combining parts of several different models
What is behavioural theory?
Rooted in psychology
Known as behaviour based safety
What are the seven key principles for behavioural theory?
- Intervention focus on employee behavior.
- Identify external factors to understand and improve employee behavior.
- Direct with activators(events) and motivate with incentives (rewards)
- Focus on positive consequences to motivate behavior.
- Apply scientific method to improve intervention.
- Use theory to integrate information.
- Design interventions with feelings and attitudes of affected individuals in mind. 
What do we look at an accident investigations?
Investigate critical injuries, as well as lost time incidents
Incidents not resulting in injury or property damage is still investigated.
Fact-finding mission not fault finding mission
What happens in the workplace when accident reporting happens?
When injured, employer must notify the MLITSD joint health and safety committee within 48 hours
Person disabled from work that require medical attention must contact JHSC health safety representative within 4 days
What are the steps of accident investigation?
- Provide first aid and medical care to injured person
- Report the accident to a designated person within organization
- Investigate the accident
- Identify the causes.
- Report the findings.
- Develop a plan for corrective action
- Implement plan.
- Evaluate effectiveness of corrective action.
- Make changes for continuous improvement.
What do we do for step number one in accident investigation?
Provide first aid, call 911, secure area
What is step number two for accident investigation?
Report the accident who doesn’t need a person within the organization
Supervisor by default
What is step number three for accident investigation?
Investigate the accident
Examine seen,take pictures, interview witness
Document everything
might require multiple people 
What is that number four for accident investigation?
Identify the causes
Who, what, where, when, why, how?

What are the multiple common causes seen in the accident investigations?
Personal beliefs and feelings, example, invincible
Decision to work on safely
Mismatch or overload —> fatigue, stressed
System failure —> insufficient training, inadequate tools
Traps —> poor design of workstation and processes
Unsafe conditions
Unsafe acts —> unauthorized tools, or equipment use
What is the fifth step of accident investigation?
Report the findings of cause
Report recommendations for corrective action
What is the six step of accident investigation?
Develop a plan for corrective action
Consider all recommendations
Identify which recommendations will be implemented
Develop implementation plan —> timeline for implementation
What is the seventh step of accident investigation plan?
Implement the plan
What is the eighth step for accident investigation?
Evaluate the effectiveness of the corrective action
Qualitative, and or quantitative —> look at number of people participating in training
Ensure no new hazards, risk arise from this new corrective action
What is the ninth and last step for accident investigation?
Make changes for continuous improvement
Still work on a safe environment
What are some mistakes for accident investigation?
Not investigating near misses
Taking ineffective, corrective action —> can still remain if it’s ineffective
Being biased during the investigation
Not investigating in a timely manner
Not performing an in-depth investigation
