Lesson 1 Flashcards
What is the safety pyramid?
Pyramid that goes from least amount of probability of unsafe acts to the top which has the smallest amount of probability of unsafe act, being death
What is the accident cost iceberg?
Top of the iceberg is the medicinal compensation costs for individual
Lower of the iceberg is the ledger costs, property damage, uninsured miscellaneous costs
Showing us the top of iceberg is the direct cost while lower of the iceberg is the indirect causes of accident
Does occupational health and safety in the workplace have regulatory requirements?
Yes
What jurisdiction is the regulatory requirement for occupational health and safety?
Provincial jurisdiction
Every province has their own occupational health and safety act
What happens when your not in the regulatory requirement in the workplace?
Can be charged or fined
What is health?
Soundness of body, mind spirit and total well-being of the person
What is hygiene?
Principles of maintaining health and the practices of these principles
What is safety?
Quality or state of being safe such that a person is free from harm or danger
What is occupational hygiene?
Art and science dedicated to anticipation, recognition, evaluation, control of environmental stressors arising in the workplace that can result in injury, illness, impairment or affect the well being of workers and members of the community
What is a hazard?
Something that can cause harm if not controlled
What is risk?
Combination of probability that a particular outcome will occur and the severity of the harm involved
What are the correlations to health/hygiene with safety?
Something not safe, accident occur
Leads to death or injury, and this is short term
If hazardous to health, leads to disease or physiological impairment. Leads to some form of illness/long term
Important to create healthy and safe work environment
What are the 6 hazards classification?
Safety
Ergonomic
Chemical agents
Biological agents
Physical agents
Psychosocial
Examples of safety hazards?
Moving machinery, working at heights, slippery surfaces
Examples of ergonomic safety hazards?
Manual material handling, poor tool design, improper posture
Examples of chemicals hazards?
Solvents, metals, gases
What are biological hazards?
Bacteria, mould, infectious agents
What are physical hazards?
Noise, vibration, radiation
What are psychosocial hazards?
Worker morale, stress, violence, harassment
What are safety hazards?
Hazards likely to cause injuries
Common in every workplace, should be avoided because they result in considerable amount of lost time-injuries
What are ergonomic hazards?
“Human factors”
Workplace conditions posing risk of injury to musculoskeletal system of worker
Matching the job to the worker and product to user
Design workplace for worker, not other way around
What are Chemical hazards?
Solid, liquid, gases
State of chemical dictates how and where it will travel, and how it enters the body
What are biological hazards?
Usually in agricultural, research labs, hospitals
Microbiological agents
Infectious agents
Cause allergic reactions
What are physical hazards?
Source of energy causing injury or disease
Noise is ubiquitous and excessive noise leads to noise-inducing hearing loss
Thermal stress when workplace is hot/cold
Vibration leads to vibration-induced white fingers
Radiation can lead to cancer
What are psychosocial hazards?
Affect workers psychological response to workplace, causes form of stress
What are exposure risk factors?
Hazard only dangerous if exposed to, have to know the exposure risk factors
What are the exposure risk factors?
Nature of hazard
Intensity of exposure
External factors which may influence hazard
Route of entry
Effects of exposure
What is the nature of hazard?
Degree of toxicity
Chemical characteristics- alkaline/acid/neutral
Physical characteristics - state of the agent
What is the intensity of exposure?
Concentration—> concentrated form can hurt
Duration of exposure —> entire work shift, how long
Frequency of exposure —> everyday, one day
What are external factors that can influence hazards?
Environmental conditions —> hot/cold
Control measures present —> being used in handle chemicals
How product is used
Other hazards present
What are synergistic effects?
Two chemicals synergies to make the chemical more potent, heightened impact of affecting
What are additive effect?
2 chemicals, the sum of two chemicals
What are the three most common routes of exposure?
Inhalation
Absorption
Ingestion
What is inhalation?
Breathing of contaminated air is common way that workplace chemicals enter the body
What is absorption?
Skin contact, chemicals, when contaminated can pass through the skin into the blood stream
What is ingestion?
Workplace chemicals may be swallowed accidentally if food or cigarettes are contaminated
What are the other less common routes for exposure?
Injection and eye contact
What is the hazard pathway?
The pathway that we can get expose to hazards, allows us to implement where and what type of control measures we can implement
What are the effects of exposure?
Acute effects and chronic effects
What are acute effects?
Sudden, severe, typically involves one incident, causes immediate problems
Not due to accumulation over time
Often associated with safety hazards
What are chronic effects?
Continual exposure over time, limited concentrations of toxic substances, progressive accumulation of toxic substances in the body, little or no awareness of affected workers
Due to limited continual exposure over time
Often associated with occupational hygiene
What are control measures?
Implementation of control measures to minimize risk of hazards
What are the hierarchy of controls from most effective to least effective?
- Remove/eliminate the hazard
- substitute/ replace the hazard
- Engineering controls/ isolate people from the hazard
- Administrative controls, change the way people work
- PPE/ protect worker with personal protective equipment
Which hierarchy of controls should you start with?
Engineering controls/ isolate people from hazard
