lesson 3 Flashcards
Process of receiving
information via our five
senses, which can then be
experienced and
interpreted by the brain
Source is the stimuli obtainedfrom sensory organs
Results in perception
sensation
Process of interpreting the information acquired through the five senses accordingly
Source is the information sent to the brain through sensation
Results in interpreting and giving meaning to the information received
perception
The existence of _______ suggests that what we sense (in our sensory organs) is not necessarily what we perceive (in our minds).
Our minds must take the available sensory information and manipulate that information to create mental representations ofobjects, properties, and spatial relationships within our
environments.
perceptual illusions
very common cognitive distortion that affects your perception people selectively interpret what they see on the basis of their interest, background, experiences, and attitude.
It makes you see, listen, or focus your attention on a stimulus based on your expectations, without taking into account the rest of the information.
often termed as cognitive bias.
selective perception
______ is the set of processes by
which we recognize, organize, and make
sense of the sensations we receive from
environmental stimuli.
the result of ______ differs according to each individual. Recipient’s experiences, learning, memory, expectation, and attention can also shape perception.
Therefore, _________ is the indication of how and what a person thinks about his or her
surrounding, and as a result of how he or she
understands and looks at the world.
Perception
There are two kinds of photoreceptors
1.rods
2.cones
responsible for night vision and are sensitive to light and dark stimuli.
.rods
« requires a lot more light and they are used to see color.
We have three types of ___: blue, green, and red.
Cones
monkeys with lesions tn the temporal Lobe
were able to indicate where things were but
seemed unable to recognize what they were.
monkeys with lesions in the parietal lobe were
able to recognize what things were but not where they were.
monkey experiment / what where experiment
Damaged in Ventral Stream “what pathway”
a condition that affects how your brain processes what you see. Your vision works correctly, but your brain doesn’t.
This affects how vou recognize objects. people. places and more
visual agnosia
Inability to recognize and discriminate colors
Colour Agnosia
Inability to recognize and name objects.
Object Agnosia:
Inability to perceive overall meaning of a whole image or shape, despite ability to recognize individual details or
elements.
Simultanagnosia:
: Inability to recognize familiar faces. Also referred to as facial agnosia.
A person with prosopagnosia might not recognize her or his own face in the mirror.
In particular, the disorder is associated with damage to the right temporal lobe of the brain.
Prosopagnosia
people with this condition have no color vision at all.
Achromacy
. People with this form of color-blindness have difficulty in distinguishing red from green.
Red-green color blindness
(trouble seeing greens)
Deuteranopia
(blues and greens can be confused, but yellows also can seem to disappear o
to appear as light shades of reds).
tritanopia
Damaged in Dorsal Stream
“Where Pathway”
Patients with ______ fail to
reach accurately for objects,
particularly when they are
presented in peripheral vision
Ataxia results from a processing failure in the posterior parietal cortex, where sensorimotor information is processed. It is assumed that higher order processes are involved because most patients’ disorders are complex and
they can indeed grasp objects under certain circumstances
optic ataxia
A phenomenon of visual perception that occurs when a stimulus undergoes a change without this being noticed by its observer.
Perceptual processes and change blindness play a significant role in accidents and efforts at accident prevention.
About 50% of all collision accidents are result of missing or delayed perception.
change blindness
Provided a useful framework for studying
perception.
Gibson developed what he called an
“ecological approach” to the study of visual |
perception.
James Gibson
Bottom-up processing occurs as our sensory receptors receive new sensory information and does not require the use of prior knowledge or experiences.
Therefore, they are data driven (i.e., stimulus-driven) theories.
Bottom up theories
According to Gibson’s theory of _______, the information in our sensory receptors, including the sensory context, is all we need to perceive anything.
we do not need higher cognitive processes or anything else to mediate between our sensory experiences and
direct perception theory
according to which perception is driven by
high-level cognitive processes, existing
knowledge, and the prior expectations that
influence perception.
_______ are hypotheses-driven
Top-down theories
