Lesson 3 Flashcards
Are there boundaries to random practice?
Yes, the benefits of random practice depend on the task complexity, the individual and the practice conditions.
Despite its limitations, why is random practice beneficial?
Random practice develops the capacity for generalisation so you are able to generalise a motor skill and transfer it to different situations.
When and why should you change your instructions for a student?
Your instructions should change as the student changes/progresses to increase the demands placed on their motor learning. This is especially important for open motor skills.
Why do you start with blocked practice, then serial practice then random practice?
You are increasing the learner’s cognitive effort as they progress by decreasing their predictability.
When a repetition schedule is learner determined, what tends to be the pattern?
The learner switches motor tasks when their performance was successful.
Why is learner-controlled practice? What are the guidelines?
LCP is when the learner makes decisions about the structure of the practice environment. The only things they are given are the number of trials and the number of tasks they complete.
In LCP what was the pattern?
Individuals induced random practice on their own as they improved over multiple trials.
What is a benefit for LCP?
This can increase the individual’s motivation.
Why are instructions important to consider?
Because whether they tell the player to adopt internal or external focus can have the potential to disrupt performance.
What 3 adjectives can be used to describe a motor task goal?
- Accuracy
- Consistency
- Reliability
What did past research conclude about the different focuses on attention and performance?
There was this belief that one should take an internal focus and focus on their technique because this would increase the movement automaticity.
Why was William James studying on skiing and showing the benefits of external focus not initially accepted?
People didn’t believe it and did not think the study could be generalised to more motor skills.
What do EMG markers show when someone is using internal versus external attention?
EMG markers show that with internal attention that there was greater muscle activation while with external attention - only the muscles needed for the action were needed- making the action more efficient.
What type of attention is beneficial for children?
Difficult to say because there has not been a lot of child research in this area. A study using a shuffle board showed that both I and E attention were advantageous while another study looking at golf putting showed that external attention was superior.
What two things are needed to facilitate a motor task and what is the link between them? Why?
You need perception of the situation to start the actions needed to complete a motor task. The link between them is instructions. This is because instructions can tell us what is important or what we should pay attention to to increase our perception and planning of a motor skill.
