Lesson 2 Flashcards
What is the difference between acquisition and learning?
Acquisition is having a skill while learning is the ability to know the skill and apply it in retention and transfer tests.
What is a common indication that an individual is the cognitive stage of learning?
They can explain everything they are doing.
What is the purpose of consolidation?
To make the motor plan stronger and reproduce motor action.
What happens to the brain as we progress in a motor skill? Why is this process beneficial?
Different parts of the brain become activated. Moves from the motor cortex to the more automatic basal ganglia. It is beneficial because its more efficient. Only what is being required is active.
Why does the practice conditions matter?
These conditions matter because the right conditions that are challenging but suitable can have someone speed through the learning stages and maximize the time they have.
What did early research (1919) tell us about motor learning? Why?
Early research told us that alternating or random practice was disadvatangeous. This conclusion was formed to not make practice challenging, this is because no rentention of transfer tests were completed.
What was the first study that shed a light that these early findings may be false?
Testing verbal knowledge/ words through psychology.
What is the Performance-Learning paradox?
One condition is bad during practice, but superior for learning.
Does perfect practice make perfect performance?
Depends on the repetition order!
What is the Elaborative Processing Hypothesis?
States that random practice is better for learning because there is more of a mental demand and requires more cognitive skill to compare and contrast different tasks making the motor plans stronger.
What is the Reconstruction Hypothesis?
States that random practice is better for learning because one forgets the previous motor plan when presented with a new task and must problem solve and reconstruct a new motor plan. This makes better at transferring skills and more resistant to stress.
What are key differences between Elaborative Processing Hypothesis and Reconstruction Hypothesis?
EP- working in working memory
RH- loss of action plan from working memory.
What did the Wright and al. 2018 study help show?
Indicated that you can start to see the effects of consolidation 6 hrs after no practice and no sleep! Your brain is already strengthening the motor plan.
Do learners typically believe in the benefit of random practice?
No, while blocked practice individuals were pretty good at predicting their performance, random practice individuals had no idea and actually scored better than what they had predicted.
What is metacognition and how does it effect prediction of learning during acquisition?
MC is thinking about thinking - it is influenced by the ease of assessing a motor plan.
Is random practice always better?
No, it depends on the situation.
How does practice affect older adults?
They still benefit from random practice but, their brain works less efficient because they have bilateral activation. This means they need more resources to improve.
How does practice affect those with Alzheimer Disease.
They benefitted from constant practice where there was one skill practiced everyday. This is because the disease affects neurons in their working memory.
How does practice affect those with Parkinson Disease?
This depended on task complexity. When there was two goals, they only learned in blocked practice and when there was one goal they were able to do random practice.
What practice was better for Laproscopy training?
Blocked practice- need a lot of practice in a row to be good at it.
What practice was better for observational learning?
Interleaved - a mixture of doing it themselves, watching a novice do it and watching an expert do it.
Why is it important for fire fighters to practice knots in a random practice.
In a open environment will never have to perform a skill in a blocked order and may not be able to see because of the smoke.
