Lesson 25.3 - Peripheral Nervous System

Question 1

Peripheral Nervous System

Answer 1

this composed the nerves throughout the body. It has divisions, namely: Somatic Nervous System and Autonomic Nervous System.

Question 2

Neurons

Answer 2

it comprises the PNS and is the basic unit of the nervous system.

Question 3

Ganglia

Answer 3

are small sacs of clustured neurons that are found outside the spinal cord, which serves as the receiving point of nerve impulses.

Question 4

Sensory Neurons or the Afferent Neurons

Answer 4

it detects outside stimuli with the diffent receptors on the skin, then it sends the signal to the spinal cord. (e.g. heat, pain, pressure.)

Question 5

Motor Neurons or the Efferent Neurons

Answer 5

it controls the involuntary movement or contractions of the different muscle organs. (e.g heart, lungs, stomach)

Question 6

Somatic Nervous System (SNS)

Answer 6

responsible for the voluntary and controlled movements of the muscle, organs, and the reflex movement. The components of this includes the cranial nerves and spinal nerves.

Question 7

Cranial Nerves

Answer 7

carries information into and out of the brain stem. They are sensory in nature in terms of function, motor, or both. There are 12 known cranial nerves in the PNS.

Question 8

Olfactory

Answer 8

olfactory really means the data of smells that a human intakes. They are responsible in transimitting those data to the brain.

Question 9

Optic

Answer 9

it is associated with vision.

Question 10

Oculomotor

Answer 10

these controls the eye’s pupil and its muscular functions.

Question 11

Trochlear

Answer 11

they control the eye muscles.

Question 12

Trigeminal

Answer 12

it controls the area around the eyes, mandibles, and the middle part of the face.

Question 13

Abducens

Answer 13

it also controls the eye muscles.

Question 14

Facial

Answer 14

it controls the movement of the face, taste, neck, and head.

Question 15

Vestibulocochlear

Answer 15

it concerns with the body’s equilibrium, balance, and sound.

Question 16

Glossopharyngeal

Answer 16

associated with the tongue and the throat.

Question 17

Vagus

Answer 17

associated with the throat, ears and tongue

Question 18

Spinal Accesory

Answer 18

controls neck muscles.

Question 19

Hypoglossal

Answer 19

associated with tongue muscles.

Question 20

Spinal Nerves

Answer 20

these are nerves in the spinal cord that were named based on which segment of the spine they are found in. There are 31 spinal cord segments

Question 21

Functions of Somatic Nervous System (SNS)

Answer 21

Voluntary Movements, Reflex Arcs

Question 22

Voluntary Movements

Answer 22

SNS cooperates with the skeletal system in order to provide voluntary movement and conscious control over these muscular movements.

Question 23

Reflex Arcs

Answer 23

they are associated with reflex, which are involuntary but fast movements in response to stimuli that are detected.

Question 24

How reflex arcs work:

Answer 24

receptors are excited by stimulus ~ sensory neurons will carry the signals to the spinal cord ~ pass it to a motor neuron ~ it generates a movement.

Question 25

Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)

Answer 25

they control the involuntary movement of visceral muscle, smooth, muscle, cardiac muscle, and glandular muscle. They are composed of the symphathetic neurons and the parasympathetic neurons.

Question 26

Sympathetic Division

Answer 26

they are responsible for the body’s “fight or flight” response of the body when encountering stress, danger, excitement and other emotions.

Question 27

It increases the respiration and heart rate , releases adrenaline, and decreases digestion.

Answer 27

Sympathetic Division

Question 28

Sympathetic Division

Answer 28

They are associated with the lumbar and thoracic spinal cord segments.

Question 29

Parasympathetic Division

Answer 29

it initiates the “rest and digest” function of the body in response to rest, relaxation, and feeding.

Question 30

It decreases respiration, increase digestion, and allows the elimination of wastes.

Answer 30

Parasympathetic Division

Question 31

Parasympathetic Division

Answer 31

They are associated with the cranial and sacral segments of the spinal cord.

Question 32

31 spinal segments

Answer 32

8 from cervical;
12 from thoracic;
5 from lumbar;
5 from sacral; and
1 caudal segment.