Lesson 2.4: The Business Processes (Comprehend Legal Issues and Concerns)

Question 1

means an act is in accordance with the law.

Answer 1

Legality

Question 2

is about concepts of right and wrong behaviour.

Answer 2

Ethics

Question 3

T/F Some actions may be legal but in some people’s opinion not ethical.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

are external factors which refer to how the law affects the way businesses operate and customers behave.

Answer 4

Legal factors

Question 5

Examples of things which may be influenced by legal factors include:

Answer 5

• Product transportation,
• profit margins, and
• viability of certain markets

Question 6

How Do Legal Factors Affect Business?

Answer 6

Legal factors can decide whether or not there is a business behind selling a certain product (perhaps drugs, or sharp objects), and can also affect the mechanisms through which a company stocks their inventory or interacts with the customer.

Question 7

General examples of Legal Factors affecting business include:

Answer 7

• Consumer law
• Discrimination law
• Copyright law
• Health and Safety law
• Employment law
• Fraud law
• Pyramid scheme legality
• Import/Export law

Question 8

refers to the principles of right and wrong that individuals, acting as free moral agents, use to make choices to guide their behaviors.

Answer 8

Ethics

Question 9

The ethical issues also includes:

Answer 9

• accuracy of the information
• accessibility of information
• ownership of the information
• IT employees occupational health and safety
• quality of life

Question 10

These legal factors can affect information system quality, such as ________ and ______.

Answer 10

reliability and security

Question 11

Like other technologies, such as steam engines, electricity, telephone, and radio, information technology can be used to achieve _______-, but it can also be used to commit crimes and threaten cherished social values.

Answer 11

social progress

Question 12

T/F information technology can also be used to commit crimes and threaten cherished social values

Answer 12

true

Question 13

Other pressing ethical issues raised by information systems include

Answer 13

• establishing accountability for the consequences of information systems,
• setting standards to safeguard system quality that protect the safety of the individual and society, and
• preserving values and institutions considered essential to the quality of life in an information society.

Question 14

Some Social Issues Computers Have Created

Answer 14

• Communication Breakdown. Socialising within a family unit has always been important, as it strengthens the bonds between us and ensures cohesion within the group. …
• Defamation of Character
• Identity Theft
• Cyber Bullying
• Gaming Addiction
• Privacy
• Health & Fitness
• Education

Question 15

A Model for Thinking about Ethical, Social, and Political Issues

Answer 15

Moral Dimension of Information Systems

Question 16

In Moral Dimension of Information Systems, Ethical, social, and political issues are not closely linked.

Answer 16

false. they’re closely linked to each other

Question 17

The introduction of new information technology has a ________-, raising new ethical, social, and political issues that must be dealt with on the individual, social, and political levels.

Answer 17

ripple effect

Question 18

Five Moral Dimensions of the Information Age

Answer 18

• information rights and obligations,
• property rights and obligations,
• system quality,
• quality of life, and
• accountability and control

Question 19

Social institutions cannot respond overnight to these ripples—it may take years to develop _____, _____, _________, _____________, or _____.

Answer 19

etiquette, 
expectations, 
social responsibility, 
politically correct attitudes, or 
approved rules.

Question 20

Ethical Standards in Handling Information

Answer 20

Transparency
Fairness
Respect

Question 21

T/F User consent should not be used to obscure or excuse poor practice.

Answer 21

True

Question 22

this means being transparent, clearly and simply presented policies and information, and easy-to-access user controls, with privacy-respecting options as the default;

Answer 22

Transparency

Question 23

means considering the data-impact of the product or services on users and stakeholders and the possible effects of failure or misuse, so that the result is a fair balance between everyone’s interests.

Answer 23

Principle of Fairness

Question 24

this means not using personal data for unfair discrimination, especially when it comes to sensitive characteristics

Answer 24

fairness

Question 25

this means addressing the wishes, interests and expectations of people affected by your use of data, and treating them as a person rather than as a means to an end. Respect for the individual is interpreted differently in different cultures, but it can form a common basis for ensuring that people are at the heart of decisions about data.

Answer 25

respect

Question 26

respect may also mean

Answer 26

excluding some third parties (advertisers/data-brokers) from the business model; or making it clear to people that private interactions on social media platforms are observed and used by others

showing consideration to users’ limited time and attention

conducting due diligence on your use of data through its lifecycle

promoting internal education and training in value-baed design, continuous improvement processes, and the application of quality management discipliesn to ethical data handling

building the operational culture on a foundation ofthese principles

Question 27

Recommendations to Policy Makers

Answer 27

Strengthen the incentives for better practice

• Include responsible data-handling criteria in government procurements: require suppliers/partners to show how they put transparency, fairness and respect into practice in their policies, procedures, processes and products;
• Provide a framework for certification schemes;
• Stimulate the market for audit, and ensure penalties can be applied for bad practice;
• Allow good practice to play a role in determining terms of insurance.

Use the full range of applicable policy, legal and regulatory options, including

• Current and strengthened privacy and data protection laws;
• Consumer protection and competition laws;
• Programmes for education and awareness-raising;
• Removing barriers to effective enforcement;
• Increasing accountability through a “polluter pays” principle, so that the costs of bad practice are borne by the originator rather than the individual.

Question 28

Recommendations for data handlers (across the public/private sectors and civil society)

Answer 28

be custodians of data
adopt a principle of ‘no surprises’
provide clear and relevant information to users, with simple controls and minimal collection by default
be transparent about what data you collect, and how you use and share it
do not use ‘consent’ to excuse bad practice

Question 29

In your business/operational plan, include the ___________ to maintain and strengthen that culture.

Answer 29

enabling and sustaining measures