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MICROBIAL TAXONOMY > Lesson 2.3 Motility: Flagella > Flashcards

Lesson 2.3 Motility: Flagella Flashcards

1
Q

It is a whip-like structure that allow bacteria to move

A

flagella

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2
Q

Flagellum is a complex _______

A

rotary motor

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3
Q

It is a long slender filament made of _____ anchored to the cell wall and cytoplasmic membrane

A

flagellin

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4
Q

Main component of the flagellum

A

filament

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5
Q

The ___ or ____ consists of a single type of protein connects the filament to the flagellum motor

A

hook or base

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6
Q

The motor is consists of what type of proteins?

A

MS ring, C ring, LP ring and rod

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7
Q

Differentiate the proteins in the flagella of gram-positive and gram-negative

A

Gram-positive
C-ring- cytoplasm
ms-ring

Gram-negative
L-ring: anchored in the outer membrane

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8
Q

Two proteins in the cytoplasmic membrane that help the motor

A

Mot A and Mot B

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9
Q

Set of proteins that helps the motor switch

A

Fli protein

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10
Q

Describe the movement of single flagellum bacteria

A

clockwise- run, move in straight line
Counterclockwise- tumble, reorient

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11
Q

Bacteria that lack flagellum

A

atrichous

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12
Q

a bacteria with one flagellum and aids in propulsion

A

monotrichous

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13
Q

a bacteria with multiple flagella clustered at one end. forms tufts or bunches

A

Lophotrichous

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14
Q

Bacteria with flagella on both ends but appear singly or in pairs

A

Amphitrichous

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15
Q

Bacteria with flagella all over the surface

A

Peritrichous

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16
Q

Combine amphitrichous and lophotrichous arrangements

A

Amphilopotrichous

17
Q

TTC is added with 1% glucose on media what is the result?

A

The media appears red when under reducing conditions

18
Q

How does the H2S production test detect the motility of bacteria?

A

Bacteria that reduces sulfur to hydrogen sulfide turn the media black indicating motility

19
Q

A chart that show the motile and non-motile organisms under Enterobacter

A

Organogram/ Organizational Chart

20
Q

Examples of motile organism

A

Serratia, Citrobacter, Enterobacter, E.coli, Salmonella and Proteus

21
Q

Examples of non-motile

A

Shigella, Klebsiella oxytoca

22
Q

Bacteria have flagella then archeaa have ______

A

archaella

23
Q

Archaella are powered by _______

A

ATP undergoing hydrolyzation

24
Q

The filament of the archaella is made of what type of protein

A

archaellin

25
Q

Explain the evolutionary distinction between bacterial flagella and arhaella

A

Flagella- evolved from type 3 secretory and transport system

Archaella- rotating type IV pilus

26
Q

What type of evolution can be deduced from archaella and flagella

A

convergent evolution. structures arise in different lineages serving similar purpose

27
Q

Archaea that shows motility but are slower than e.coli

A

halobacterium

28
Q

Structure involved in non-flagellar motility

A

Fimbriae, pili, filaments and fibrils

29
Q

Helps the cell to stick to surfaces

A

Fimbriae (2-10 nm)

30
Q

shorter but more numerous than pili

A

Fimbriae

31
Q

It acts as receptors for viruses

example of bacteria with this

A

Pili

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

32
Q

Classes of pili based on functions

A

Conjugative. sex pili: genetic exchange

Type IV pili: adhesion and twitching motility

33
Q

a gliding motility where pili extends and retracts
examples: _____ and ____

A

twitching motility
Pseudomonas and Moraxella

34
Q

Type IV pili aid colonization in various pathogens

A

Vibirio cholerae (cholera)
Neisseria gonorrhoeae (gonorrhea)
Streptococcus pyogenes (sore throat)

35
Q

Function of type IV pili

A

adhesion for pathogens
transfer of genetic materials

36
Q

Similar to barbed type IV pili for archaea function

A

SM1 Archaea- hami
attached to surfaces form biofilm to conserve nutrients

37
Q

Importance of Motility

A

Finding favorable condition- optimal condition for growth and survival

Escaping threats- evade toxins, antibiotics, predators

Biofilm formation- communities of bacteria encased in extracellular polymeric substances (EPS)

38
Q

The control systems: chemotaxis

A

Chemical sensing- bacteria with chemoreceptors detect changes in the conc. of chemicals

Attractants: move towards it
Repelants: move away from the source

Adjusting movement: adjust their movement in response to the concentrations through signalling pathways

MICROBIAL TAXONOMY (9 decks)

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