Lesson 2.3 Motility: Flagella Flashcards
It is a whip-like structure that allow bacteria to move
flagella
Flagellum is a complex _______
rotary motor
It is a long slender filament made of _____ anchored to the cell wall and cytoplasmic membrane
flagellin
Main component of the flagellum
filament
The ___ or ____ consists of a single type of protein connects the filament to the flagellum motor
hook or base
The motor is consists of what type of proteins?
MS ring, C ring, LP ring and rod
Differentiate the proteins in the flagella of gram-positive and gram-negative
Gram-positive
C-ring- cytoplasm
ms-ring
Gram-negative
L-ring: anchored in the outer membrane
Two proteins in the cytoplasmic membrane that help the motor
Mot A and Mot B
Set of proteins that helps the motor switch
Fli protein
Describe the movement of single flagellum bacteria
clockwise- run, move in straight line
Counterclockwise- tumble, reorient
Bacteria that lack flagellum
atrichous
a bacteria with one flagellum and aids in propulsion
monotrichous
a bacteria with multiple flagella clustered at one end. forms tufts or bunches
Lophotrichous
Bacteria with flagella on both ends but appear singly or in pairs
Amphitrichous
Bacteria with flagella all over the surface
Peritrichous
Combine amphitrichous and lophotrichous arrangements
Amphilopotrichous
TTC is added with 1% glucose on media what is the result?
The media appears red when under reducing conditions
How does the H2S production test detect the motility of bacteria?
Bacteria that reduces sulfur to hydrogen sulfide turn the media black indicating motility
A chart that show the motile and non-motile organisms under Enterobacter
Organogram/ Organizational Chart
Examples of motile organism
Serratia, Citrobacter, Enterobacter, E.coli, Salmonella and Proteus
Examples of non-motile
Shigella, Klebsiella oxytoca
Bacteria have flagella then archeaa have ______
archaella
Archaella are powered by _______
ATP undergoing hydrolyzation
The filament of the archaella is made of what type of protein
archaellin
Explain the evolutionary distinction between bacterial flagella and arhaella
Flagella- evolved from type 3 secretory and transport system
Archaella- rotating type IV pilus
What type of evolution can be deduced from archaella and flagella
convergent evolution. structures arise in different lineages serving similar purpose
Archaea that shows motility but are slower than e.coli
halobacterium
Structure involved in non-flagellar motility
Fimbriae, pili, filaments and fibrils
Helps the cell to stick to surfaces
Fimbriae (2-10 nm)
shorter but more numerous than pili
Fimbriae
It acts as receptors for viruses
example of bacteria with this
Pili
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Classes of pili based on functions
Conjugative. sex pili: genetic exchange
Type IV pili: adhesion and twitching motility
a gliding motility where pili extends and retracts
examples: _____ and ____
twitching motility
Pseudomonas and Moraxella
Type IV pili aid colonization in various pathogens
Vibirio cholerae (cholera)
Neisseria gonorrhoeae (gonorrhea)
Streptococcus pyogenes (sore throat)
Function of type IV pili
adhesion for pathogens
transfer of genetic materials
Similar to barbed type IV pili for archaea function
SM1 Archaea- hami
attached to surfaces form biofilm to conserve nutrients
Importance of Motility
Finding favorable condition- optimal condition for growth and survival
Escaping threats- evade toxins, antibiotics, predators
Biofilm formation- communities of bacteria encased in extracellular polymeric substances (EPS)
The control systems: chemotaxis
Chemical sensing- bacteria with chemoreceptors detect changes in the conc. of chemicals
Attractants: move towards it
Repelants: move away from the source
Adjusting movement: adjust their movement in response to the concentrations through signalling pathways
