(Lesson 2) Urbanization and Rural-Urban Migration theory Flashcards
This is a process which cities grows and higher and higher percentages of population come to live in the city
Urbanization
Is the movement of people across borders. It is the
crossing of the boundary of a political or administrative unit
for a certain period.
Migration (Stephen Castles)
People are leaving or
exiting a country.
Emigration
People are moving
and residing in a country.
Immigration
Refers to individuals
moving from one location to another
within the same country;
Internal Migration
Refers to
people moving beyond national
borders.
International migration
The Role of Cities
Firm to firm and firm to consumer transportation
Firms locating near workers with skills they need
Workers locating near firms that need their skills
Firms benefit from infrastructures
Firms benefit from knowledge spillovers
Consumers benefits from urban amenities
The country’s largest or
“first-place” city receives a disproportionately
large share of public investment and incentives
for private investments, in relation to smaller
cities.
First City Bias
The presence of large informal
sectors relocates in shantytowns within the
urban city or mega city
Urban Giantism Problem
NEGATIVE THINGS THAT MAKE
PEOPLE WANT TO MOVE TO A NEW AREA
PUSH FACTORS
Examples
war
Break up of family
Lack of services
Low employment
Lack of safety
PUSH FACTORS
POSITIVE ASPECTS THAT ATTRACT
PEOPLE TO MOVE TO ANOTHER PLACE
Pull FACTORS
Examples
Political stability
Family reunification
Better services
High employment
Safe society
Pull FACTORS
Voluntary
Disparity in levels of income, employment, and
social well-being between differing areas.
Individual’s effort to maximize their income by
moving from low-wage to high-wage economies
Family strategy to maximize income and Family
Reunion
Countries that exchange migrants with each
other (colonization, political influence, trade,
investment, or cultural ties)
Involuntary (Forced)
- war, environmental degradation, natural
catastrophe - political violence, ethnic violence, and racial
violence - famine, chemical, and nuclear disasters
