(Lesson 1) IMPACT OF POPULATION GROWTH ON ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT Flashcards
“The central issue of our time may well turn out to be how
the world addresses the problem of ever-expanding human
numbers.”
James P. Grant (1980-1995)
Reductions of contagious and infectious
diseases that are spread by air or
water;
Improvement in nutrition, food storage,
and, food transportation; and
Reductions in chronic and degenerative
diseases (heart disease and cancer); and
Development of Stem Cell Research
MORTALITY DECLINES
(1800)
Couples desire to have a certain number
of surviving children, rather than births;
Parental investment: economic change
influences the costs and benefits of
childbearing; and
Highly developed markets and
governments can replace many of the
important economic functions of the
traditional family and household.
FERTILITY TRANSITION (1890
AND 1920)
increase in the proportion of children in
the population (70 years)
Mortality (declines most at the youngest ages) and Fertility
(remains high)
working-age population grows faster than the population
as a whole (40- 50 years)
Fertility (declines) and child dependency ratio (declines)
This is rapid increase in the elderly
population
Increasing longevity
This is slows the growth of the working-age
population
Low fertility
Published, An essay on the principle
of population as it affects the future
improvement of society.
THOMAS ROBERT
MALTHUS
The rate of population growth will
eventually exhaust the food supply.
1.Food supply increases in
arithmetic progression (linear);
and
- Human population increases in
mathematical progression.
THOMAS ROBERT
MALTHUS
raise of death
Positive check
lower birth
rate
Preventive checks
Food is necessary for humans to live; and
Humans will procreate and “be
fruitful and multiply”, this will
lead to the birth of more kids
and population growth.
THOMAS ROBERT
MALTHUS
Growing populations would result
in a surplus of laborers which
would drive down wages and lead
to high poverty levels (misery)
Depressed wages can also cause
postponement of weddings,
prostitution, use of contraception
(vices)
Malthus’ Iron Law of Wages
the use of contraception and family
planning do not Pertain to Moral Restraints.
Preventive checks
are not due to over-population but a
natural phenomenon.
Positive Checks
