(LESSON 2) The Self, Society, and Culture

Question 1

A common saying in the social sciences, especially in sociology and anthropology.

Answer 1

Human beings are, by nature, social beings.

Question 2

It is defined as a group of people sharing the same culture and typically interacting in a definite territory.

Answer 2

Society

Question 3

TRUE OR FALSE?

Culture is divided into three types.

Answer 3

FALSE. Culture is commonly divided into Material and Nonmaterial, which are only two types.

Question 4

A type of culture that refers to the the belief systems, values, norms, or expected behaviors, as well as the shared language and symbols.

Answer 4

Nonmaterial Culture

Question 5

A type of culture that encompasses attires, tools, weapons, architectural designs, religious implements.

Answer 5

Material Culture

Question 6

Refers to the ideal behaviors or principles that set the standard of what is acceptable and admirable from a person who is part of society.

a) Norms
b) Characteristics
c) Values

Answer 6

c) Values

Question 7

TRUE OR FALSE?

Norms are rules on what to do or what not to do in a certain situation.

Answer 7

True

Question 8

TRUE OR FALSE?

Norms are rules on what to do or what not to do in a certain situation.

Answer 8

True

Question 9

TRUE OR FALSE?

In the Philippines, “Pagmamano” is an example of values.

Answer 9

FALSE. “Pagmamano” is the norm, while respect or “pagkamagalang” is the value.

Question 10

These are the sets of ideas, norms, practices, or mechanisms organized and focused on addressing the needs of the community.

Answer 10

Social Institutions

Question 11

A social institution that functions to maintain peace and order, among others.

Answer 11

Government

Question 12

Why do social institutions have a profound effect on our concept of the “self”?

Answer 12

Because they basically provide a systematic process of doing things.

Question 13

It is also called enculturation in Anthropology.

It is a lifelong process of learning, teaching, internalizing, and living the culture of a society.

Answer 13

Socialization

Question 14

It is our position in a society or a particular group.

Answer 14

Status

Question 15

Status can either be ascribed or achieved. Define these terms.

Answer 15

Ascribed refers to a status that is inherited or given at birth. While achieved means you acquired that status as a result of personal accomplishment or merit.

Question 16

A theoretical approach that claims, “our sociocultural context affected who we are.”

Answer 16

Theory of Symbolic Interactionism

Question 17

He claimed that the self is created, developed, and changed through human interaction.

Answer 17

George Herbert Mead

Question 18

TRUE OR FALSE?

Whether we like to admit it or not, we actually do not need others to affirm and reinforce who we think we are.

Answer 18

FALSE. We do need others to affirm and reinforce how we see ourselves. We also need them as reference points for our identity.

Question 19

Our notion of what is personally important to us is also influenced by ____________?

Answer 19

The current trends of what is important in our society.

Question 20

Which of these are the vital factors in creating our self-concept?

a) Education and Cultural Diversity
b) Social Interaction and Group Affiliation
c) Cultural Beliefs and Emotional Stability

Answer 20

b) Social Interaction and Group Affiliation

It especially affects our social identity or our perception of who we are based on our membership in certain groups.

Question 21

TRUE OR FALSE?

It is inevitable that we can have several social identities which can overlap, and that we can automatically play the roles as we interact with our groups.

Answer 21

TRUE

Question 22

They argued that the personality or the self is dependent on the cultural practices and socialization process of a certain group.

Answer 22

Ruth Benedict and Margaret Mead

Question 22

They concluded that personal development, especially on gender roles and traits, is not actually based on biological traits.

Answer 22

Ruth Benedict (Most of these roles are based on cultural expectations)

Question 23

He looks at culture as a collection of symbols.

Answer 23

Clifford James Geertz

Question 24

It is a process by which a person develops his self-image based on how others treat him.

Answer 24

Looking Glass Self

Question 25

TRUE OR FALSE? Clifford suggested that the looking glass self is a life-long mental process.

Answer 25

FALSE. It was suggested by Charles Horton Cooley.

Question 26

Which part of Cooley's quote refers to how one imagines how he appears to others? a) I am not who I think I am b) I am not who you think I am c) I am who I think you think I am

Answer 26

a) I am not who I think I am

Question 27

Which part of Cooley's quote refers to how one imagines how others will judge his appearance? a) I am not who I think I am b) I am not who you think I am c) I am who I think you think I am

Answer 27

b) I am not who you think I am

Question 28

Which part of Cooley's quote refers to how one perceives others’ judgment to be such as pride or shame? a) I am not who I think I am b) I am not who you think I am c) I am who I think you think I am

Answer 28

c) I am who I think you think I am

Question 29

TRUE OR FALSE? Looking glass self is an objective process.

Answer 29

FALSE. It is a subjective process.

Question 30

What are the six theoretical approaches?

Answer 30

1) Theory of Symbolic Interactionism 2) Culture and Personality 3) Symbolic and Interpretative Anthropology 4) Looking Glass self 5) Dramaturgical Analysis 6) Theory of Cultural Determinism

Question 31

In dramaturgical analysis, Erving Goffman said that people in their everyday life are very much like an _______________?

Answer 31

an actor performing on a stage

Question 31

In dramaturgical analysis, Erving Goffman said that people in their everyday life are very much like an _______________?

Answer 31

an actor performing on a stage

Question 32

It is the study of social interactions in terms of theatrical performance.

Answer 32

Dramaturgical Analysis

Question 33

It states that culture has a strong impact on how the individual views themself.

Answer 33

Theory of Cultural Determinism

Question 34

TRUE OR FALSE? Anthropologists suggest that the right way is always based on one's culture.

Answer 34

TRUE. They also said that there is no universal or right way of being human.

Question 35

It is the most basic social institution of a society that organizes us based on our familial ties.

Answer 35

Kinship/Family

Question 36

These systems aim to regulate the flow of resources and services. They also regulate the price of the products to ensure fair competition among producers and sellers.

Answer 36

Economics/Market

Question 37

This is usually composed of various organizations ensuring peace and order by legitimizing the use of the power of certain people or groups.

Answer 37

Politics/Government

Question 38

What are the three equal branches of the Philippine Government?

Answer 38

1) executive 2) legislative 3) judiciary

Question 39

TRUE OR FALSE? The Executive branch provides proper interpretation of the laws and ensure that they are following the Constitution and basic human rights.

Answer 39

FALSE. It is the role of Judiciary branch.

Question 40

TRUE OR FALSE? Legislative is headed by the president and who is in charge of enforcing the law.

Answer 40

FALSE. The definition pertains to the Executive branch.

Question 41

It is composed of the House of Representatives and the Senate of the Philippines who are in charge of creating, amending, or repealing those laws.

Answer 41

Legislative

Question 42

Its basic function is to ensure that the knowledge of the past and the culture of society gets transmitted from one generation to another.

Answer 42

Education/School

Question 43

TRUE OR FALSE? Education is actually a mechanistic way of producing workers

Answer 43

Sometimes TRUE, but one must also consider that education has also played in bringing new ideas that changed what has been oppressive status quos in the past.

Question 44

It is an organized set of practices, symbols, and artifacts regarding the belief in the supernatural.

Answer 44

Religion/Church

Question 45

There are several reasons why people believe in the supernatural: 1) meaning and purpose of life 2) continuity of relationship with the people that we care about even after death among others What is the third reason?

Answer 45

3) explanation of the unexplainable

Question 46

TRUE OR FALSE? The Philippines is a Catholic country so our notion of supernatural and mythical beings is not a very prominent part of our lives,

Answer 46

FALSE. It is a very prominent part of our lives, especially for those Filipinos who live in the countryside.

Question 47

It is a being that is better and more powerful than any creature in the natural world.

Answer 47

Supernatural being

Question 48

It includes all that cannot be explained by the law of nature.

Answer 48

Supernatural or above natural

Question 49

It can also function to teach and reinforce values, norms, and morals in partnership with the family and the school.

Answer 49

Religion/Church

Question 50

Who pointed out that a person can still choose what to adapt, reject or change.

Answer 50

Clifford James Geertz

Question 51

It is a result of the interaction and discourse between a person and society.

Answer 51

The self (or our identity)

Question 52

It refers to technological devices that reach a large number of people.

Answer 52

Mass Media

Question 53

It refers to computer-based technology that allows users to create and distribute information as well as participate in social networking.

Answer 53

Social Media

Question 54

TRUE OR FALSE? Social media has a tendency to punishment use.

Answer 54

FALSE. It has a tendency to REINFORCE use.

Question 55

TRUE OR FALSE? Using social media sometimes activates the brain's reward center by releasing dopamine, also known as the feel-good chemical.

Answer 55

TRUE

Question 56

Statement A: Social media can boost self-esteem. Statement B: Social media allows some people to share parts of their identity. a) Only Statement A is correct b) Only Statement B is correct c) Both statements are correct d) Both statements are incorrect

Answer 56

c) Both statements are correct

Question 57

It refers to a positive outcome that is meaningful for people and for many sectors of society because it tells us that people perceive that their lives are going well.

Answer 57

Well-being

Question 58

It is an organized system of social relationships for satisfying the human desire for enter­tainment, amusement, and play among others.

Answer 58

Recreation

Question 59

The process of participation, or as the emotional state derived from involvement. a) Leisure b) Recreation c) Hobby

Answer 59

b) Recreation

Question 60

It refers to the free time that people can spend away from their everyday responsibilities.

Answer 60

Leisure

Question 61

One of the founders of symbolic or interpretative anthropology.

Answer 61

Clifford Geertz

Question 62

This was an approach to culture that was very similar to analysis of literature and art.

Answer 62

Symbolic or Interpretative Anthropology

Question 63

TRUE OR FALSE? Geertz was famous for his writing style.

Answer 63

TRUE

Question 64

According to him, people in their everyday life are very much like an actor performing in a stage.

Answer 64

Erving Goffman

Question 65

Goffman referred to this process of altering how the person presents himself to others as _____?

Answer 65

Impression Management

Question 66

TRUE OR FALSE? Goffman wrote how he observed that people who are early in social interactions learned to "alter" their presentation of themselves.

Answer 66

FALSE. The word should be "slant" instead of alter. People do this in order to create preferred appearances and satisfy particular people.

Question 67

Goffman labeled the similarities of real interaction to a theatrical presentation as _______?

Answer 67

Dramaturgical Approach

Question 68

TRUE OR FALSE? Goffman used the phrase face-work to describe another aspect of the self.

Answer 68

TRUE

Question 69

The central theme of Goffman's work is that we are all actors within the Social World. What are we labeled as or what did we engage ourselves to affect others?

Answer 69

We are called "Fakers" and we are engaged in a "Con Job"

Question 70

He argues that the self is simply nothing more than "Self Presentations" and "Role Performances"

Answer 70

Erving Goffman (Dramaturgical Analysis)

Question 71

The concept of depicting social life as a Theatre developed the term?

Answer 71

Dramaturgy

Question 72

It is described as a group of people’s way of life which includes behaviors, values, beliefs and symbols that they accept (usually unconsciously) that are socially transmitted through communication and imitation from generation to generation.

Answer 72

Culture

Question 73

TRUE OR FALSE? Society and Culture coexist and are interdependent with each other.

Answer 73

TRUE

Question 74

It was also Goffman, who used the phrase _______ to describe another aspect of the self.

Answer 74

face-work