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APSY 1-1 Understanding The Self > (LESSON 1) The Self from Various Perspective > Flashcards

(LESSON 1) The Self from Various Perspective Flashcards

1
Q

Unsatisfied with mere mythological and supernatural explanations, these so-called Pre-Socratic philosophers turned to observation, documentation, and reasoning.

They focused more on the composition and processes of the world around them.

A

Thales, Pythagoras, and Heraclitus

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2
Q

Who said the quote, “The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing” ?

a) Plato
b) Carl Rogers
c) Socrates

A

c) Socrates

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3
Q

He provided a change of perspective by focusing on the self (systematic questioning).

A

Socrates

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4
Q

He believed that it is the duty of the philosopher to know oneself.

To live without knowing who you are and what virtues you can attain is the worst that can happen to a person.

A

Socrates

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5
Q

TRUE OR FALSE?

St. Augustine stated that an unexamined life is not worth living.

A

FALSE. It was stated by Socrates.

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6
Q

TRUE OR FALSE?

Socrates saw a person as dualistic, that is, every person is composed of body and soul.

A

TRUE

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7
Q

TRUE OR FALSE

There is only an imperfect and impermanent aspect of every one of us, and it is our physical body.

A

FALSE. Socrates said that there is also the perfect and permanent aspect, which is the soul.

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8
Q

Who said, “the soul of a man is immortal and imperishable”?

A

Plato

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9
Q

TRUE OR FALSE?

David Hume further expounded on the idea of the soul by stating that it has three parts/components.

A

FALSE, it was Plato.

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10
Q

It is responsible for the desires and cravings of a person.

a) the rational soul
b) the appetitive soul
c) the spirited soul

A

b) the appetitive soul

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11
Q

It is accountable for emotions and also makes sure that the rules of the reason are followed to attain victory and/or honor.

A

The spirited soul.

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12
Q

TRUE OR FALSE?

The rational soul is the thinking, reasoning, and judging aspect.

A

TRUE

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13
Q

In his work The Republic, he emphasized that all three parts of the soul must work harmoniously to attain justice and virtue in a person.

A

Plato

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14
Q

Who said the quote, “The good man, though a slave, is free; the wicked, though he reigns, is a slave”?

a) Plato
b) John Locke
c) St. Augustine

A

c) St. Augustine

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15
Q

Who is considered one of the most significant Christian thinkers, especially in the development of Latin Christianity theology?

A

St. Augustine

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16
Q

He believes that there is an imperfect part of us, which is connected with the world and yearns to be with the divine and there is part of us that is not bound by this world and therefore attain immortality.

A

St. Augustine

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17
Q

He claimed that the person is composed of the cogito (the mind), and the extenza (the body), which is the extension of the mind.

A

René Descartes

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17
Q

He claimed that the person is composed of the cogito (the mind), and the extenza (the body), which is the extension of the mind.

A

René Descartes

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18
Q

What is the meaning of “I think, therefore I am”?

A

I am able to think, therefore I exist. A philosophical proof of existence based on the fact that someone capable of any form of thought necessarily exists.

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19
Q

TRUE OR FALSE?

Gilbert Ryle argues that a person should only believe the things that can pass the test of doubt.

A

FALSE, it was René Descartes.

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20
Q

TRUE OR FALSE?

In Descartes’ “Discourse on the Method” and “Meditations on First Philosophy”, he, therefore, concluded that the only thing that a person can doubt is the existence of his/her “self”.

A

FALSE, because even doubt about the self proves that there is a thinking/doubting self (“cogito ergo sum”).

21
Q

It is a thing that doubts, understands, affirms, denies, wills, refuses; imagines, and perceives.

A

A thinking thing.

22
Q

TRUE OR FALSE?

John Locke was an English philosopher.

A

TRUE

23
Q

Who stated, “The only fence against the world is a thorough knowledge of it”?

a) John Locke
b) David Hume
c) St. Augustine

A

a) John Locke

24
Q

John Locke stated that a person’s mind at birth is a blank state or ____?

A

Tabula rasa

25
Q

TRUE OR FALSE?

This “self” cannot be found in the soul nor the body but in one’s consciousness.

A

TRUE (stated by John Locke)

26
Q

TRUE OR FALSE?

Consciousness is the brain itself.

A

FALSE. It is something that goes beyond the brain.

27
Q

TRUE OR FALSE?

The consciousness and the “self” that comes with it can be transferred from one person or body to another.

A

TRUE

28
Q

He believes that all concepts, as well as knowledge, come from the senses and experiences.

a) Gilbert Ryle
b) David Hume
c) Paul Churchland

A

b) David Hume

29
Q

Argued that there is no self beyond what can be experienced.

A

David Hume

30
Q

This “self” according to him is a “bundle or collection of different perceptions, which succeed each other with an inconceivable rapidity, and are a perpetual flux and movement”

a) René Descartes
b) John Locke
c) David Hume

A

c) David Hume

31
Q

Copies of impressions/representations of the world and sensations.

A

Ideas

32
Q

Real/actual experiences or sensations.

A

Impressions

33
Q

TRUE OR FALSE?

Paul Churchland said, “In searching for the self, one cannot simultaneously be the hunter and the hunted.”

A

FALSE. Gilbert Ryle was the one who said it.

34
Q

He proposed that we should instead focus on the observable behavior of a person in defining the “self”.

a) Gilbert Ryle
b) Socrates
c) René Descartes

A

a) Gilbert Ryle

35
Q

TRUE OR FALSE?

Ryle believes to the duality approach as it seems to state that there can be a private, unobservable aspect of a person.

A

FALSE. Ryle does not adhere to the idea of duality and sees the self as an entirely of thoughts, emotions, and actions of a person that relates to observable behavior.

36
Q

He said that we get to know others by observing their behavior and inferring about their “selves”.

A

Gilbert Ryle

37
Q

Contributes to the idea by stating that mind and body are interconnected with each other and therefore, cannot be separated.

a) Paul Churchland
b) Gilbert Ryle
c) Maurice Merleau-Ponty

A

c) Maurice Merleau-Ponty

38
Q

It is our connection to the external world, including other people, thus all experiences are embodied.

A

the Body

39
Q

TRUE OR FALSE?

Maurice said, “The self is the brain.”

A

FALSE. It was Paul Churchland.

40
Q

“We know not through our intellect but through our experience.” This quote is stated by who?

a) David Hume
b) Maurice Merleau-Ponty
c) Carl Rogers

A

b) Maurice Merleau-Ponty

41
Q

TRUE OR FALSE?

Self is inseparable from the brain and the physiology of the body.

A

TRUE. It was stated by Paul Churchland.

42
Q

TRUE OR FALSE?

Paul stated that even if the brain is gone, there is still a self.

A

FALSE. There is no self if the brain is gone.

43
Q

It means that the old terms we use to describe the mind are outdated.

A

eliminative materialism or eliminativism

44
Q

He said, “All our knowledge begins with sense, turns into understanding, and ends with reason. There is nothing higher than reason.”

A

Immanuel Kant

45
Q

TRUE OR FALSE?

Paul contributed to the fields of metaphysics, ethics, and aesthetics among others.

A

FALSE. It was Kant who contributed to these fields.

46
Q

He believes that there must necessarily be something in us that organizes these sensations to create knowledge and ideas.

A

Immanuel Kant

47
Q

Kant thinks that ____, not mere experience, is the foundation of knowledge.

A

Reason

48
Q

TRUE OR FALSE?

The “self” organizes our experience into something meaningful.

A

TRUE. It can do such a thing because it is independent from sensory experiences; something that transcends or is above even our consciousness.

49
Q

Socrates’ systematic questioning of the self is also called?

A

Socratic Method

50
Q

A Canadian philosopher known for his studies in neurophilosophy and the philosophy of mind.

A

Paul Churchland

APSY 1-1 Understanding The Self (3 decks)

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