Lesson 2: Respiratory Emergencies Flashcards
What is a systematic approach to assess the pediatric patient?
Assess
Recognize
Care
What pediatric assessment tool is used to form an initial impression?
Patient Assessment Triangle
Appearance
Work of breathing
Circulation
What are the two types of respiratory failure?
Hypoxia respiratory failure: PAO2<60
Hypercapnic respiratory failure: PCO2>50
What is the most common cause of cardiac arrest in children and infants?
Respiratory failure
What are the key signs or respiratory failure?
Altered mental status, including loss of consciousness
Diminished breaths sounds
Lack of chest movement
Cyanosis or pallor
Bradycardia
Hypotension
What typically results in rapid shallow breathing?
Conditions that decrease lung compliance
What typically results in rapid deep breathing?
Metabolic acidosis
Where is typically the problem when abnormal breath sounds are heard on inspiration?
Above the thoracic inlet (upper airway)
Where is typically the problem when abnormal breath sounds are heard on expiration?
Below the thoracic inlet (lower airway)
What blood gas values are indicative of respiratory failure?
PaO2 <60 mmHg while breathing room air
PCO2 >50 mmHg with acidosis
What is the most common cause of partial upper airway obstruction in children?
Croup (virus; parainfluenza most common)
What are the 4 Ds of epiglottitis?
Drooling
Dyspnea
Dysphagia
Dysphonia
What should be expected once epiglottitis is diagnosed?
Immediate intubation
What are the signs and symptoms of anaphylaxis?
Cutaneous and mucosal findings (swollen lips, tongue or uvula, hives, flushing, itching)
Respiratory compromise (stridor, hoarseness, wheezing, dyspnea, increased WOB)
Cardiovascular compromise (tachycardia, hypotension)
Signs of end-organ tissue dysfunction
Gastrointestinal symptoms (nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain)
What is the most common cause of respiratory distress in children?
Lower airway obstruction
