Lesson 2 - Physical and Data Link Layers

Question 1

The media and signal that supports the transmission of signals is called the ________ Layer. What are they transmitting?

Answer 1

Physical
1’s and 0’s

Question 2

What ______ Layer defines the frame format of 1’s and 0’s. What are these frame formats based on.

Answer 2

Data
8 bits or 1 octet know as a byte

Question 3

What type of communications does Analog use

Answer 3

Alternating current (AC) via a sine wave

Question 4

_____ is the number of cycles per second

Answer 4

Frequency

Question 5

_______ one electrical energy cycle from positive to negative

Answer 5

Hertz

Question 6

Name the 4 most common media types

Answer 6

Copper - UTP and STP
Coaxial
Fiber/Glass
Air/Wireless

Question 7

What are the Data Link Sublayers

Answer 7

Media Access Control. Ethernet transceiver operates and interfaces with physical layer.

Logical Link Control - logically linking and acts like a traffic by organizing the upper layer protocols into their MAC layer. Flow and Control

Question 8

What is the terminology for Thicknet cabling

Answer 8

10Base5 using RG8U

Question 9

What is the terminology for Thinnet cabling

Answer 9

10Base2 using RG58/U

Question 10

Ethernet Standard of shared Media

Answer 10

Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Detection

Question 11

Why are Hubs and Repeaters Phase Out

Answer 11

Since they flood the network on one large collision Domain vs switches and gateways

Question 12

What Layer do Hubs and Repeaters operate

Answer 12

Layer 1 - Physical

Question 13

What Layer to Bridges and Switches operate at

Answer 13

Layer 2 - Networking (Filter or Forwarding using MAC Address)

Question 14

What are the two POE IEEE Standards

Answer 14

802.3af - 2003 - 15.4 Watts
802.3at - 2009 - 25.4 watts

Question 15

What are the two most common approaches to implementing a backbone network and describe

Answer 15

Multi-Layered Hierarchical - using multiple routers
Flat Backbone

Question 16

What type of backbone utilizes a high speed switch

Answer 16

Collapsed Backbone

Question 17

What are two main advantages of Collapsed Backbone over other Topologies

Answer 17

Each connection between departmental LANS become a dept. to dept. connection. Central Switch isolates the traffic

Does require fewer devices having a centralized high speed switch.

Bonus - also known as a Backbone in a box or inverted backbone

Question 18

Drawbacks of Collapsed Backbone

Answer 18

High Speed switches require expensive Fiber Optic Cabling

without HA can have a single point of failure

Question 19

List 3 Common Network Connections also Levels

Answer 19

Access Network - Workgroup
Distribution Network - Building Backbones
Core Backbone Network - High speed building connections

Question 20

What are the high speed standards for Ethernet

Answer 20

25,40 and 100Gbps

Question 21

Does Ethernet Prevent Collisions

Answer 21

No. Ethernet uses a nondeterministic, unpredictable transmission approach. Does not try to prevent collision but listens and transmits

Question 22

What does an invalid Ethernet Frame mean

Answer 22

A collision has occured

Question 23

When a collision takes place what does the node do and what is that algorithm called

Answer 23

Node waits a random amount of time referred to as the backoff algorithm

Question 24

What is another name for Trunking

Answer 24

Link Aggregation

Question 25

What is another name for an IP Packet

Answer 25

Datagrams

Question 26

What type of Topology does FDDI use

Answer 26

Ring

Question 27

What type of frame with a destination of FF-FF-FF-FF-FF

Answer 27

Broadcast

Question 28

What is the term for the special area by each individual port on a full duplex layer 2 switch

Answer 28

Collision Domain

Question 29

How many total VLANs in an Ethernet network environment

Answer 29

4094

Question 30

What specific standard does Ethernet Tagging refer to?

Answer 30

IEEE 802.1Q VLAN

Question 31

Name Layer 2 Resiliency Protocols for IPV4 and IPV6

Answer 31

Spanning Tree and Resilient Ethernet Protocol (REP) for IPv4
Neighbor Solicitation for IPv6

Question 32

Term for reliability on the physical media

Answer 32

bit error rate (BER)

Question 33

What type of transmission does Digital use

Answer 33

Square waves measured in positive (1) or negative (0)

Question 34

What type of cable medium uses wavelengths for their frequency. what technique does it use

Answer 34

Fiber Optics or Glass
Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM)

Question 35

What is the difference between RJ45 TIA-568A and TIA568B

Answer 35

Orange pair is swapped for green pair in the RJ45 connector.

Question 36

Name the types of Physical Networks starting with the one closest to to endpoints

Answer 36

Edge Networks - Desktop workstation LAN
Building Backbone - aggregation of Edge
Campus Backbones - multiple building
Metropolitan area networks (MAN)
Wide Are backbones - MPLS

Question 37

Network Redundancy is about

Answer 37

Maintaining High Availability. Backup Internet circuits.
Secondary Power

Question 38

Network Resiliency is the ability

Answer 38

to maintain availability and network connectivity from an outage.

Question 39

Fault Tolerance is similar to

Answer 39

both redundancy and resiliency

Question 40

What is the process of forwarding vLAN traffic from one switch to another is

Answer 40

VLAN Tagging using a Tag Link

Question 41

The process of combining multiple physical Links to increase bandwidth. What protocol does that use

Answer 41

Trunking or Link Aggregation
Link Aggregation Control Protocol (LACP)
802.3ad

Question 42

Which device does Hierarchical Backbone depend on

Answer 42

Layer 3 Routers

Question 43

Which devices does a flat backbone depend on

Answer 43

Layer 2 switches

Question 44

What type of network device separates segments into different Collison domains

Answer 44

Switch

Question 45

What do you use to configure Traffic Shaping on a Layer 2 Network

Answer 45

Access Control List
ability to forward or block network traffic depending on MAC Address