Lesson 2 Pharmacology (Part 2) Flashcards
Drugs circulate through to body through which system?
Circulatory
What is drug halflife?
The amount of time it takes to eliminate half of the active elements of a drug from the body
For drugs to work the must bind with a?
Receptor
How do Antagonist receptors work?
By blocking receptor sites so the natually ocuring hormone cant bind to a receptor (anti-inflammatory drugs)
Agonist receptors acts like?
The natuarlly occuring hormone
What is the receptor theory?
The magnitude of the responce to a drug is proportinal to the number of drug receptor interactions that occur
What are drug interactions?
When one drug alters the effect another drug (can be additive or inhibitive)
What are examples of hypersensitivity?
Allergic reactions
Chronic use of Tylenol is linked to?
Liver damage
Alcohol with NSAIDs is linked to?
GI bleeding
What are the 5 rights?
- Right patient
- Right drug/expiration date
- Right dose
- Right route
- Right time
Administering drugs is (definition)?
A single dose of medication to be used by a patient
Dispensing drugs is (definition)?
Providing a sufficient quantity to be used for multiple doses
What are the characteristics of water soluble medications
- Have higher levels in the blood stream
- Easily removed by the kidneys
- Have a shorter duration of action
What are the characteristics of fat (lipid) soluble medications
- Accumulate in tissue compartments
- Remain in the body longer
- Have more prolonged effects
What is the “onset of action”?
The ammount of time it takes a medication to reach its final drug compartment and receptor site
____ soluble tend to accumulate in fat tissue and the slowly diffuse into the rest of the body
Lipid
What are the two mechanisms that are important in protecting patients from medication toxicity?
- Blood brain barrier
- Placenta
How does the blood brain barier protect the person from medication toxcity?
Prevents medication from entering the CNS
How does the placenta protect the person from medication toxcity?
Its low rate of blood flow reduces the rate of medication diffusion
What is are metabolites?
Active form medications that are metabolized into another active form
Besides using the liver and kidney to eliminate drugs what are the other ways?
- Breast milk
- Saliva
- Respiration
- tears
- Sweat
What is phase 1 metabolism?
A change of the chemical structure of medication by oxidation, reduction or hydrolysis
What is pahse 2 metabolism?
Conjugation of the medication with more water souluble groups. This reduces lipid solubility making it easier for the body to eliminate it
