Lesson 2: Marxism

Question 1

a sociological, Political and economic philosophy that is based on the ideas and theories of Karl Marx.

Answer 1

Marxism

Question 2

a social, Political and economic ideology wherein society is seen to be shaped by capitalism

Answer 2

Marxism

Question 3

• Primary source of livelihood farming
• Rise of factories as farmers abandon fields to become factory workers

Answer 3

Before Industrial Revolution / Pre-industrial Revolution

Question 4

This type of Marxism involves theories such as: Theory of Alienation and Labor Theory of Value

Answer 4

Classical Marxism

Question 5

Experience of isolation and misery resulting from powerlessness

Answer 5

Theory of Alienation

Question 6

4 ways of Alienation of Capitalist on workers

Answer 6

1. Alienation from the act of working – stops you from expression (no life outside work???)
2. Products of work “neona made a book pero sakin lahat ng pera”
3. Other Workers “Hindi ko kayo bibigyan ng reviewer kasi gusto ko ako pinakamataas”
4. Human Potential (creativity) – “ di ka nagiging creative or nakakagawa ng sayo in your job” sunod-sunuran.

Question 7

This is where your job controls you and stops you from experiencing the reality of life <?>

Answer 7

Alienation from the act of working

Question 8

neona made a book pero sakin lahat ng pera

Answer 8

Alienation from the products of work

Question 9

“Hindi ko kayo bibigyan ng reviewer kasi gusto ko ako pinakamataas”

Answer 9

Alienation from other workers

Question 10

Just do this as said in your job description

Answer 10

Alienation from Human Potential

Question 11

They used the labor theory of value to explain the cost of commodities

Answer 11

Smith and Ricardo

Question 12

• Primarily concerned with the more basic problem of why goods have prices of any kind.

Answer 12

Labor Theory of Value

Question 13

the most general effect of the worker’s alienated labor on all its products.

Answer 13

Value

Question 14

• Reflects a situation where the distinct human quality and variety of work has ceased to count.

Answer 14

Exchange Value

Question 15

• Is the difference between the amount of exchange and use of value created by workers and the amount returned to them as wages.

Answer 15

Surplus Value

Question 16

• The struggle between segments of society over valued resources.

Answer 16

Social Conflict

Question 17

• Refers to the conflict to the conflict between entire classes over the distribution of a society’s wealth and power.

Answer 17

Class Conflict/ Struggle

Question 18

Workers recognition of themselves as a class unified in opposition to capitalists and ultimately to capitalism itself. (kapitalista ang may kasalanan)

Answer 18

Class Consciousness

Question 19

The mindset that social problems are the shortcomings of individuals rather than as flaws of society. (gaslight sarili / ikaw ang sinisisi)

Answer 19

False Class Consciousness

Question 20

⁃ Characterized by a classless society having common ownership of property and resources. (Controlled by one system)

Answer 20

Communist Society

Question 21

• Instrument of the capitalist class
  
  • Structure of political offices and processes
  • Arena of class struggle

Answer 21

Capitalist state

Question 22

• Economism
  
  • Determinism
  • Materialsim
  • Structuralism

Answer 22

Classical Marxism

Question 23

Rejects economism
“” Determinacy, emphasizing contingency (future)
“” Materialism, acknowledging independent role
“” Structuralism, accepting a key role of agents

Answer 23

Modern Marxism

Question 24

Privileges politics / politicians
Marxist responded to theoretical critiques both inside and outside tradition
Economist formulation has proved unable to explain economic, social, and political advancements.
Workers may earn more money and so do capitalist
Gap between the two classes is greater – mayaman at mahirap – Manggagawa at kapitalista (Allienation still persist)

Answer 24

Modern Marxism

Question 25

Key Concepts:

Answer 25

Social Inequality
Social Injustice
Ideological Control

Question 26

• A condition wherein individuals have better life necessities than others

Answer 26

Social Injustice

Question 27

• societal Oppression and Exploitation

Answer 27

Social Inequality

Question 28

• Ideas of the ruling class are instilled in society through institutions it dominates

Answer 28

Ideological Control

Question 29

• Regarded as the Fathers of Marxist Theory

Answer 29

Karl Marx & Friedrich Engels

Question 30

criticism of political economics by Karl Marx

Answer 30

The Capital

Question 31

• Explored in grounded perspective the assertions that were made in the communist Manifesto

Answer 31

The Capital

Question 32

• Technological progress in the modes of production results in changes to society

Answer 32

Historical Materialism

Question 33

• Used Marxist economics as a tool in distinguishing periods of prehistory and in tracing the evolution of western civilization

Answer 33

Vere Gordon Childe

Question 34

• Criticized the capitalist ideology by taking off where Marx began

Answer 34

Theodor Adorno

Question 35

Places value on consumerist goods by making the masses want and desire to consume them

Answer 35

Fetishism of Commodities

Question 36

Subjection of human beings to capitalist ideology

Answer 36

Reification

Question 37

Expounds on ideology and how it directly affects everyday reality

Answer 37

Slavoj Zizel

Question 38

constructed by ideology itself

Answer 38

Reality

Question 39

• is reflected in ordinary language
• blankets society with beliefs that in most circumstances do not reflect reality
• used by capitalist to extract more profit from the masses

Answer 39

Ideology

Question 40

• Challenged classical Marxism’s economism
• Emphasized the role of political or hegemonic struggle, the importance of ideology, and the significance of agents overthrowing capitalism
• Believed that “overthrowing the capitalist state depends on a successful hegemonic struggle”

Answer 40

Antonio Gramsci