Lesson 2: Marxism Flashcards
a sociological, Political and economic philosophy that is based on the ideas and theories of Karl Marx.
Marxism
a social, Political and economic ideology wherein society is seen to be shaped by capitalism
Marxism
- Primary source of livelihood farming
- Rise of factories as farmers abandon fields to become factory workers
Before Industrial Revolution / Pre-industrial Revolution
This type of Marxism involves theories such as: Theory of Alienation and Labor Theory of Value
Classical Marxism
Experience of isolation and misery resulting from powerlessness
Theory of Alienation
4 ways of Alienation of Capitalist on workers
- Alienation from the act of working – stops you from expression (no life outside work???)
- Products of work “neona made a book pero sakin lahat ng pera”
- Other Workers “Hindi ko kayo bibigyan ng reviewer kasi gusto ko ako pinakamataas”
- Human Potential (creativity) – “ di ka nagiging creative or nakakagawa ng sayo in your job” sunod-sunuran.
This is where your job controls you and stops you from experiencing the reality of life <?>
Alienation from the act of working
neona made a book pero sakin lahat ng pera
Alienation from the products of work
“Hindi ko kayo bibigyan ng reviewer kasi gusto ko ako pinakamataas”
Alienation from other workers
Just do this as said in your job description
Alienation from Human Potential
They used the labor theory of value to explain the cost of commodities
Smith and Ricardo
- Primarily concerned with the more basic problem of why goods have prices of any kind.
Labor Theory of Value
the most general effect of the worker’s alienated labor on all its products.
Value
- Reflects a situation where the distinct human quality and variety of work has ceased to count.
Exchange Value
- Is the difference between the amount of exchange and use of value created by workers and the amount returned to them as wages.
Surplus Value
- The struggle between segments of society over valued resources.
Social Conflict
- Refers to the conflict to the conflict between entire classes over the distribution of a society’s wealth and power.
Class Conflict/ Struggle
Workers recognition of themselves as a class unified in opposition to capitalists and ultimately to capitalism itself. (kapitalista ang may kasalanan)
Class Consciousness
The mindset that social problems are the shortcomings of individuals rather than as flaws of society. (gaslight sarili / ikaw ang sinisisi)
False Class Consciousness
⁃ Characterized by a classless society having common ownership of property and resources. (Controlled by one system)
Communist Society
- Instrument of the capitalist class
- Structure of political offices and processes
- Arena of class struggle
Capitalist state
- Economism
- Determinism
- Materialsim
- Structuralism
Classical Marxism
Rejects economism
“” Determinacy, emphasizing contingency (future)
“” Materialism, acknowledging independent role
“” Structuralism, accepting a key role of agents
Modern Marxism
Privileges politics / politicians
Marxist responded to theoretical critiques both inside and outside tradition
Economist formulation has proved unable to explain economic, social, and political advancements.
Workers may earn more money and so do capitalist
Gap between the two classes is greater – mayaman at mahirap – Manggagawa at kapitalista (Allienation still persist)
Modern Marxism
Key Concepts:
Social Inequality
Social Injustice
Ideological Control
- A condition wherein individuals have better life necessities than others
Social Injustice
- societal Oppression and Exploitation
Social Inequality
- Ideas of the ruling class are instilled in society through institutions it dominates
Ideological Control
- Regarded as the Fathers of Marxist Theory
Karl Marx & Friedrich Engels
criticism of political economics by Karl Marx
The Capital
- Explored in grounded perspective the assertions that were made in the communist Manifesto
The Capital
- Technological progress in the modes of production results in changes to society
Historical Materialism
- Used Marxist economics as a tool in distinguishing periods of prehistory and in tracing the evolution of western civilization
Vere Gordon Childe
- Criticized the capitalist ideology by taking off where Marx began
Theodor Adorno
Places value on consumerist goods by making the masses want and desire to consume them
Fetishism of Commodities
Subjection of human beings to capitalist ideology
Reification
Expounds on ideology and how it directly affects everyday reality
Slavoj Zizel
constructed by ideology itself
Reality
- is reflected in ordinary language
- blankets society with beliefs that in most circumstances do not reflect reality
- used by capitalist to extract more profit from the masses
Ideology
- Challenged classical Marxism’s economism
- Emphasized the role of political or hegemonic struggle, the importance of ideology, and the significance of agents overthrowing capitalism
- Believed that “overthrowing the capitalist state depends on a successful hegemonic struggle”
Antonio Gramsci
