Lesson 1: Feminism Flashcards
Biological identification of a person
Sex
Socio-Cultural Identity of a person
Gender
this refers to Gender norms / roles
Gender Discrimination
What is the primary concern of Feminism?
Women Oppression
Primary Goal of Feminism
Equality of Men and Women
Women oppression strengthened by a system wherein the eldest male heads a society or a government
Patriarchy / Patriarchal Structure
In this system, both men and women can head a society or a government
Matriarchal
It is a social divide that establishes that there are perceived roles for men and women. It supports gender inequality
Gender Ideology
This is the actualization or realization of gender ideology
Gender Inequality
4 Basic Principles of Feminism
- Working to increase equality
- Expanding human choice
- Eliminating gender stratification
- Ending Sexual Violence and promoting sexual freedom
4 Main types of Feminist Theory
- Gender Differences
- Gender Inequality
- Gender Oppression
- Structural Oppression
This examines how women’s location in, and experience of social situations differ from men
Gender Differences
This recognize that Women’s location and experience of social situation are not different but also unequal to men
Gender Inequality
They argue that women have the same capacity as men for moral reasoning and agency, but the patriarchy has historically denied women the opportunity to express and practice this reasoning
Liberal Feminists
This states that not only are women different or unequal to men, but that they are actively oppressed, subordinated, and even abused by men.
Gender Oppression
It is the key variable in the two main of gender oppression: Psychoanalytic feminism and radical feminism
Power
They attempt to explain power relations between men and women by reformulating Freud’s theories of the unconscious and subconscious, human emotions, and childhood development.
Psychoanalytic Feminist
They argue that being a woman is a positive thing in and of itself, but that this is not acknowledged in patriarchal societies where women are oppressed.
Radical Feminists
This states that Women’s oppression and inequality are a result of capitalism, patriarchy, and racism.
Structural Oppression
3 Types of Feminism
Radical Feminism
Liberal Feminism
Marxist Feminism
Society must be changed at its core in order to dissolve patriarchy, not just through acts of legislation
Radical Feminism
2 Types of Radical Feminism
Radical-Libertarian Feminism
Radical-Cultural Feminism
Femininity and reproduction limit women’s capacity to contribute to society
Believes that women should control every aspect of their sexuality, and are advocates of artificial means of reproduction and are strong promoters of abortions contraceptives etc.
Radical-Libertarian Feminism
Womed should encompass their femininity because it is better than masculinity. Mary Daly advocates finding the “wild female within”. This type of radical feminist sees sex and penetration as male-dominated
Radical-Cultural Feminism
Followed existing liberal thought and its logic of individual rationality, the public-private distinction, and the reformability of institutions
Liberal Feminism
Built on the tenets of Marxism particularly on the critique of how women’s oppression was functional and necessary to the development and capitalism
Marxist Feminism
Waves of Feminism
19th and Early 20th Centuries
1960s up to the 1990s
Late 1980s and continues until today
This wave challenged the legal issues concerning women
Women also first voted in America during the 1920s and advocated their right to choose their own profession
19th and early 20th centuries
this wave is born out of civil rights’ movement
Tried to address sexual equality and reproductive rights
Encompassed women of all economic classes, races, and nationalities
Distinguished sex (biological) from gender (social construct)
saw “feminine” objects such as bras, lipsticks, and high heels as forms of male oppression and an objectification of women
1960s up to the 1990s
This wave does not consider “feminine” objects as artifacts of male oppression, but as a tool to enrich their femininity
1980s and continues until today
English Writer
Feminist philosopher
Women’s advocate who raised her voice for gender equality
Advocated that the human rights written by John Locke also be accorded to women
Mary Wollstonecraft
American Suffragist
Feminist
Women’s rights activist
Main leader and strategist of the 1910s campaign for the 19th Amendment to the UU.S. Constitution which prohibits sex discrimination in the right to vote
Alice Paul
One of the most important women in the early 20th century America
President of the National American Woman Suffrage Association twice
Carrie Clinton Lane
Betty Friedan
Activist, Writer
Co-founded the National Organization for Women (Now) in 1966 and served as its president for 4 years
Betty Friedan
A crusader against racial discrimination and gender inequality
First African woman to win a lawsuit
Isabella Baumfree
One of the foremost leaders of the American Suffragist Movement and the anti-slavery movement
Women’s Loya National League
Voted in the presidential election of 1872
First real woman to be depicted on a U.S. Coin
Susan Brownell Anthony
American orator, abolitionist, and suffragist, and a vocal advocate and organizer promoting rights for women
First women from Massachusetts to earn a college degree
Lucy Stone
One paradox She pointed out was the rise off two feminist ideologies - human feminism and female feminism
Nancy Cott
Argues for equal treatment of women and disapproves discrimination based on sex
Human Feminism
Argues solidarity among women and acknowledges that there are differences in human capacities that are based on sex
Female Feminism
Used poetry to bring light on the oppression of women and lesbians in society
Defined how heterosexuality becomes an alienating and oppressing concept that only leads to the establishment of male dominance over women
Adrienne Rich
Proposed the Theory of Gender Performativity
Judith Butlller
is a theory on the creation of gender like how theatrical actors create roles identifiable to audiences
Theory of Gender Performativity
Her work studies feminism from the perspective of a black woman
Patricia Hill Collins
American Novelist, Philosopher, Playwright
Objectivism
Living for one’s own sake without sacrificing himself or herself for another, or others sacrificing for him/her
Ayn Randd
Is anti-Feminist movement already present since the first wave of feminism?
True or False
True
Divorce must be considered taboo due to traditional values, beliefs, and established religious norms be upheld
True or False
True
Feminists see feminism as an attempt to make women’s right and power more that or in the suppression of men
True or False
True
