Lesson 2-functionalist key concepts

Question 1

Define socialisation

Answer 1

Socialisation instils the shared culture into it’s members, making them internalise the same norms for society

Question 2

Define social control

Answer 2

Society has rewards for conformity, punishments for deviance to ensure individuals behave in a way society expects

Question 3

Define anomie

Answer 3

normlessness, Durkheim- anomie occurs with rapid social change that means existing norms become outdated

Question 4

Define structural factors

Answer 4

Society’s unequal opportunity structure

Question 5

Define cultural factors

Answer 5

the strong emphasis on success goals and the weaker emphasis on using legitimate means to get them

Question 6

Define conformity

Answer 6

individuals accept the culturally approved goals and strive to achieve them legitimately

Question 7

Define innovation

Answer 7

individuals accept the goal of money success but use illegitimate ways to get it e.g. theft

Question 8

Define ritualism

Answer 8

individuals give up on trying to achieve goals but have internalised the legitimate means and follow the rules

Question 9

Define retreatism

Answer 9

individuals reject goals and legitimate means and become dropouts

Question 10

Define rebellion

Answer 10

Individuals reject the existing society’s goals but replace them with new ones

Question 11

Define Status frustration

Answer 11

Cohen found because the boys could not achieve success legitimately they gained success by rejecting middle class values by joining gangs/crime

Question 12

Define utilitarian crime

Answer 12

crimes committed for practical reasons such as theft

Question 13

Define legitimate opportunities

Answer 13

opportunities for success e.g. schooling etc

Question 14

Define illegitimate opportunities

Answer 14

lack of opportunities for success

Question 15

Define criminal subcultures

Answer 15

utilitarian crime groups that form in stable crime cultures such as mafia groups

Question 16

Define conflict subcultures

Answer 16

conflict subcultures arise in areas of high social disorganisation, gangs are likely to be loosely organised in high populated areas

Question 17

Define retreatist subcultures

Answer 17

the ‘double failures’ who fail illegitimately and legitimately