Lesson 2: Fractional distillation/ petrochemicals

Question 1

True or False

There are only a few different types of hydrocarbons in crude oil.

Answer 1

• False.
• There are MANY hydrocarbons in crude oil.

Question 2

How is crude oil separated?

Answer 2

• By fractional distillation.
• Crude oil separated into different fractions (each fraction contains molecules with a similar number of carbon atoms.)

Question 3

True or False

Each fraction, in fractional distillation, contains molecules with very different numbers of carbon atoms.

Answer 3

• FALSE!!
• Each fraction contains molecules with similar number of carbon atoms.

Question 4

What can the fractions in fractional distillation be processed to produce?

Answer 4

• The fractions can be processed to produce:
  1.) Fuels
  2.) Feedstock (a chemical that is used to make other chemicals.)
  In the petrochemical industry (industry that uses crude oil to make other substances.)

() - extra: mark flashcard as CORRECT even if you don’t say this part

Question 5

Give 5 examples of fuels we depend on for our modern lifestyle that are produced from crude oil.

Answer 5

1.) Petrol
2.) Diesel Oil.
3.) Kerosene
4.) Heavy fuel oil.
5.) Liquefied petroleum gases.

Question 6

What 4 useful materials (that modern life depends on) are produced by feedtsock from the petrochemical industry?

Answer 6

1.) Solvents
2.) Lubricants
3.) Polymers
4.) Detergents.

Question 7

Why do the vast ray of natural and synthetic carbon compounds occur?

Answer 7

• Due to the ability of carbon atoms to form families of similar compounds.

Question 8

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THINGS TO MENTION IN FRACTIONAL DISTILLATION Q’s

Answer 8

1.) Crude oil is heated to vapourise.
2.) There is a temperature gradient in the fractionating column.
3.) Gases condense at different levels.
4.) Due to their different boiling points.