Lesson 2: Culture and Society

Question 1

is a group of individuals sharing a common culture, geographical location, and government.

Answer 1

Society

Question 2

whereby members of the community live together for mutual benefit;

Answer 2

Social solidarity

Question 2

serve as basis for the patterns of action and behavior of the members of the society

Answer 2

Shared identity and culture

Question 2

society is characterized by the presence of the following elements:

Answer 2

• Social solidarity
• Shared identity and culture
• A common language
• A large population and the ability to sustain succeeding generations of members
• Definite geographical area
• Political, economic, and social organization.

Question 3

Types of Society

Answer 3

Hunting and Gathering Societies
Pastoral Societies
Horticultural Societies
Agricultural Societies
Post-industrial Societies

Question 4

-These are the earliest forms of society.
-The members survive primarily by hunting, trapping, fishing, and gathering edible plants.

Answer 4

Hunting and Gathering Societies

Question 5

• common in areas where crops cannot be supported and only have to move when the land in which animals gaze is no longer usable.
• rely on products through the domestication and breeding of animals for transportation and food.

Answer 5

Pastoral Societies

Question 6

comes from the Latin word ‘pastoral’

Answer 6

Pastoral Societies

Question 7

Pastoral means

Answer 7

‘Shepherd’

Question 8

• These societies rely on the cultivation of fruits, vegetables, and plants in order to survive.
• They are often forced to relocate when the resources of the land are depleted or when the water supplies decrese.

Answer 8

Horticultural Societies

Question 9

• Focuses on the mode of production
• They rely on the use of technology in order to cultivate crops in large areas; including wheat, rice, and corn

Answer 9

Agricultural Societies

Question 9

• Their economy is based on services and technology, not production.
• The economy is dependent on tangible goods, people must pursue greater education

Answer 9

Post-Industrial Societies

Question 10

refers to “that complex whole which encompasses beliefs, practices, values, attitudes, laws, norms, artifacts, symbols, knowledge, and everything that a person learns and shares as a member of society.

Answer 10

Culture

Question 11

what does culture represents?

Answer 11

• Beliefs
• Practices
• Artifacts

Question 11

what does society represents?

Answer 11

• Social Structures
• Organizations

Question 12

TRUE OR FALSE

Neither society nor culture could exist without the other

Answer 12

TRUE

Question 12

is one of the important bases that define and influence a society.

Answer 12

Culture

Question 13

Categories of Culture:

Answer 13

• Material Culture
• Nonmaterial Culture

Question 13

refers to the set of beliefs, attitudes, as well as material objects and possessions accumulated over time and shared by the members of society.

Answer 13

Culture

Question 14

is composed of the physical or tangible objects produced, shared, and utilized within society such as tools or implements, paintings and other works of art, architectural styles, weaponry, and toys.

Answer 14

Material Culture

Question 15

consists of the intangible properties and elements of society that influence the patterns of action and behavior of its members. Examples: language, beliefs, values, attitudes, ideas, and norms shared among members of society.

Answer 15

Nonmaterial Culture

Question 16

4 Vital Cultural Components of Culture

Answer 16

Symbols
Language
Values
Norms

Question 17

refer to things that convey meaning or represent an idea.

Answer 17

Symbols

Question 18

is a set of symbols that enables members of society to communicate verbally (spoken) and nonverbally (written, gestures).

Answer 18

Language

Question 19

are shared ideas, norms, and principles that provide members of society the standards that pertain to what is right or wrong, good or bad, desirable or undesirable.

Answer 19

Values

Question 20

are shared rules of conduct that determine specific behavior among society members.

Answer 20

Norms

Question 21

Categories of Norms

Answer 21

Folkways Mores Laws

Question 22

are norms that may be violated without serious consequences.

Answer 22

Folkways

Question 23

are norms with moral connotations.

Answer 23

Mores

Question 24

are norms that are legally enacted and enforced.

Answer 24

Laws

Question 25

The process of culture and identity formation within society is facilitated through _____________ and ______________

Answer 25

socialization and enculturation

Question 26

refers to the lifelong process of forging identity through social interaction.

Answer 26

Socialization

Question 27

refers to the process by which an individual gradually learns or acquires the important aspects of his or her society’s culture.

Answer 27

Enculturation

Question 28

refers to a particular circumstances of a certain culture and is defined by location, weather, time period, and other factors.

Answer 28

Context

Question 29

considers culture as the central focus of its discipline. It studies the different cultures of different societies.

Answer 29

Anthropology

Question 30

2 Major Views of Anthropology

Answer 30

Relativistic Approach Ethnocentric Approach

Question 31

considers cultures as equal. This view holds that there are no “superior” and “inferior” cultures, and each is unique in its own way.

Answer 31

Relativistic Approach

Question 32

is the belief that one’s native culture is superior to other cultures.

Answer 32

Ethnocentric Approach

Question 33

diminishes or invalidates “other” ways of life and creates a distorted view of one’s own. As a result, this could affect individual behavior and relationship with other cultures.

Answer 33

Ethnocentrism

Question 34

the tendency to consider that their culture is inferior to others.

Answer 34

Xenocentrism

Question 34

recognizes and accepts the cultural differences between societies.

Answer 34

Cultural Relativism

Question 35

relates culture with the overall context of social order. There are different sociological perspectives that explain this order.

Answer 35

Sociology

Question 36

operates on the assumption that society is a stable and orderly system.

Answer 36

Structural functionalism

Question 37

assumes that there is a constant power struggle among the various social groups and institutions within society.

Answer 37

Conflict Theory

Question 38

views individual and group behavior and social interactions as defining features of society.

Answer 38

Symbolic Interactionism

Question 39

also examines culture as a vital aspect of society.

Answer 39

Political Science

Question 40

an ideology that acknowledges and promotes cultural diversity within society.

Answer 40

Multiculturalism

Question 41

advances awareness and acceptance of cultural differences but encourages a critical stance in dealing with issues regarding diversity.

Answer 41

Cultural Sensitivity