Lesson 2: Constructivism Flashcards
The process of absorbing and storing new information in memory
Knowledge Aquisition
is a method of representing knowledge as a system of connections between concepts in memory
Semantic Network
refers to our biological memory reflecting not only what happened, but also when and where it happened.
Episodic Knowledge
refers to
generalizations, concepts, facts, and their associations.
Semantic Knowledge
refers to one’s memory for concepts, facts or episodes.
Declarative Knowledge
refers to the ability to perform various tasks.
Procedural Knowledge
is knowledge that is basic to specific disciplines.
Factual Knowledge
knowledge of
classifications, principles, generalizations, theories, models, or structures pertinent to a particular discipline.
Conceptual Knowledge
is the awareness of ones own cognition and particular cognitive processes.
Metacognitive knowledge
Guidelines for Knowledge
Acquisition
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5.
Guidelines for Knowledge
Acquisition
Process the material semantically
Process and retrieve information frequently
Learning and retrieval conditions should be similar
Connect new information to prior knowledge
Create cognitive procedures
are strategies considered as memory aids that provide a systematic approach for organizing and remembering facts that have no apparent link of connection of their own.
Mnemonics
is a way of teaching and learning that intends to maximize student understanding.
Constructivism
Characteristics of Constructivism
- Active learning is preferable to passive learning.
- Learning takes place best in communities of learners.
- Learners should engage in “authentic and situated activities”
- Learners should relate information to what they already have
- Learners should reflect or think about what is being learned.
- Teachers must provide learners with scaffolding needed for them to progress.
Stresses individuals search for meaning as they interact with the environment and test and modify existing schemas
Cognitive Constructivism
Argue that knowledge is active constructed by learners.
The role of the teacher is to facilitat discovery by providing the necessary resource and by guiding the learners as they attempt t assimilate new knowledge to old and to modif the old knowledge to accommodate the new.
Cognitive Constructivism
Suggest that knowledge is first constructed in a social context and is then appropriated by individuals (Bruning et al., 1999)
Social Constructivism
the distance between a child’s actual development level as determined by problem solving under adult guidance or in collaboration with more capable peers.
Zone Proximal Development
The process of engagement with the adult enabled them to refine their thinking or their performance to make them more effective.
Zone Proximal Development
Constructivist Classroom
- Constructed
- Active
- Reflective
- Collaborative
Constructivist Teaching and
Learning Principles
- Learners have their ideas.
- Learners need first hand experiences.
- Learners like their ideas.
- Learners see what they want to see.
- Learners often are not aware of what they
know. - Students need to know how to learn.
- Learner’s may not discover experts’ conclusions.
The teacher guides the student to the goal.
Guided Discovery
This is a strategy in which learners gather facts and observations and use them to investigate real world problem
Inquiry
It is designed to stimulate thinking and develop interpersonal skills.
Discussion
Cooperative learning
Cooperate
