Cognitive And Metacognitive Factors Flashcards
“an appreciation of what one already knows, together with a correct apprehension of the learning task and what knowledge and skill it requires, combined with agility to make correct inferences about how to apply one’s strategic knowledge to a particular situation, and to do so efficiently and reliably.
Metacognition
according to (. ) is thinking about thinking, knowing “what we know” and “what we don’t know”
Metacognition
John Flavell
Metacognitive Strategies
- Connecting new information to former knowledge.
- Selecting thinking strategies deliberately.
- Planning, monitoring and evaluating thinking processes (Dirkes, 1985).
Strategies for Developing Metacognitive
Behaviors
- Identifying “what you know” and “what you don’t know
- Talking about thinking
- Keeping a thinking journal
- Planning and self-regulation
- Debriefing the thinking process
- Self-evaluation
are computer programs that are derived from a branch of computer science research called Artificial Intelligence
Expert Systems
It is a computer program that attempts to simulate the way human beings solve problems - an artificial decision maker.
Experts system
use knowledge to solve the problems, a practice that assesses and strengthens what they know (e.g. lawyer, doctor, teacher).
Human experts
is a basic human reasoning process.
Analogy
involves seeing the similarities among essentially different objects or ideas and using existing knowledge about the first set of objects to understand the other.
Analogical Reasoning
is an approach to creative thinking that depends on understanding together which is apparently different using analogy or metaphor.
Synectics
It is the process of discovering the links that unite seemingly disconnected elements.
Synectics
refers to the ability to use learning gained in one situation and applying it to another situation.
Transfer
It is defined as the extent to which learning in one situation influences learning or performance in another.
Transfer
When learning carries over into new situations, it is known as
Transfer of learning
2 kinds of transfer
Positive Transfer
Negative Transfer
Previous learning facilitates and enhance subsequent learning.
Positive transfer
Previous learnin interferes with learning something net (e.g. the inability to work on other wor problems outside of the exercises give in class)
Negative Transfer
This theory asserts that skill o training gained in the study of on subject will improve the performanc of the skill in the study of anothe subject.
Theory of Mental discipline
This theory formulated by
Thorndike states that the amount of transfer depends upon the identical elements present or are common in both learning situations
Theory of Identical Elements
Charles Judd’s theory, experiences in one learning situation can be applied to another learning situation.
Theory of Generalization
This is based on the Gestalt theory of learning. It holds that the transfer of learning from one situation to another is the result of the application of the principles of configuration.
Theory of Configuration
refers to the unified or total pattern or organization of a learning situation so that the components or elements lose their identity.
The learner sees the learning situation as a whole not the parts.
Configuration
The Brain has four lobes
- Frontal Lobe
- Occipital lobe
- Temporal lobe
- Parietal lobe
It is responsible for motor movement, long term memory, planning and scheduling.
Frontal lobe
It is responsible for vision, such as when one give focus on something.
Occipital lobe
It is responsible for hearing.
When you heard something you try to analyse and understand
Temporal lobe
It is responsible for sensation and bodily temperature. When one perceives something, trying to make sense of the world.
Parietal lobe
Responsible for visual activities.
Right Hemisphere
Responsible for analysing.
Left Hemisphere
is a long bundle of nerves which serves as the means of communicating messages between the brain and the body.
Spinal Cord
The spinal cord has two functions;
- It controls spinal reflexes.
- It conveys messages to and fron= the brain by means of th interneuron.
Learning involves experience that results in a change in performance, memory and emotional state. All these aspects are represented in particular areas and pathways in the brain, different according to the type of task being learned.
Neurobiological Basis of Learning
