lesson 2 classical conditioning- Pavlov's research approaches Flashcards
what is classical conditioning?
learning through association
who first demonstrated classical conditioning?
Ivan Pavlov
what did the dogs do before classical conditioning?
food was an unconditioned stimulus and the unconditioned response is that the dog’s would salivate when food was presented to them
the bell was a neutral stimulus so when it is rung the dog doesn’t salivate
what happens to the dogs during classical conditioning?
unconditioned stimulus of food is paired with neutral stimulus so when the bell is rung food is presented to the dogs
what happens to the dogs after classical conditioning?
the bell becomes a conditioned stimulus as every time the bell is rung the dog salivates which is a conditioned response so the dog has established an association between the bell being rung and the dog salivating
what is stimulus generalisation?
stimuli similar to the original conditioned stimulus will caused the conditioned response
what is discrimination?
stimuli similar to the original conditioned stimuli will not produce the conditioned response which can be done by withholding the unconditioned stimulus
what is extinction?
the conditioned response is not produced because of the bell being rung which occurs when the conditioned stimulus is presented without the unconditioned stimulus of food
what is timing?
if the neutral stimulus cannot be used to predict the unconditioned stimulus
if it happens after the unconditioned stimulus or the time interval between the two is too long then conditioning does not take place
what is spontaneous recovery?
after extinction, if the conditioned stimulus and the unconditioned stimulus are paired together once again the link between them is made much more quickly
strengths of classical conditioning
research evidence- pavlov and little Albert
applied to the treatment of psychological disorders like phobias for example flooding and systematic desensitisation
weaknesses of classical conditioning
little Albert and pavlov carried out in a lab so lacks ecological validity eg not all phobias are learned through a traumatic experience
classical conditioning might not explain how adults learn as adults don’t come across a lot of unconditioned stimuli
