Lesson 2 (chapter 15)

Question 1

abnormal Psyc

Answer 1

the scientific study of psychological disorders

Question 2

internal classification of diseases

Answer 2

the system used by most countries to classify psych disorders published by the WHO and currently in its 11th edition

Question 3

diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders

Answer 3

the leading classification system for psychological disorder in Canadian DSM-5 is current version

Question 4

diagnosis

Answer 4

a clinician’s determination that a persons cluster of symptoms represents a particular disorder

Question 5

comorbity

Answer 5

the condition in which a persons symptoms qualify them for 2 or more diagnoses

Question 6

family system theory

Answer 6

a theory holding that each family has its own implicit rules, relationship structures, and communication patterns that shape the behaviour of the individual members

Question 7

developmental psychopathology

Answer 7

the study of how problem behaviours evolve as a function of a person’s genes and early experiences and how these early issues affect the person at later life stages

Question 8

risk factor

Answer 8

biological and environmental factors that contribute to problem outcomes

Question 9

equifinality

Answer 9

the idea that different children can start from different points and wind up at the same outcome

Question 10

multi finality

Answer 10

the idea that children can start from the same point and wind up at any number of different outcomes

Question 11

resilience

Answer 11

the ability to recover from or avoid the serious effects of negative circumstances

Question 12

depression

Answer 12

a persistent sad state in which life seems dark and its challenges overwhelming

Question 13

mania

Answer 13

a persistent state of euphoria or frenzied energy

Question 14

major depressive disorder

Answer 14

a disorder characterised by a depressed mood that is significantly disabling and is not caused by such factors as drugs or general medical condition

Question 15

bipolar disorder

Answer 15

a mood disorder in which periods od mania alternate with periods of depression

Question 16

cognitive triad

Answer 16

a pattern of thinking in which individuals repeatedly interpret their experiences, themselves, and their futures in negative ways that lead to them feeling depressed

Question 17

automatic thoughts

Answer 17

specific upsetting thoughts that arise unbidden

Question 18

generalised anxiety disorder

Answer 18

an anxiety disorder in which people feel excessive anxiety and worry under most circumstances

Question 19

social anxiety disorder

Answer 19

an anxiety disorder in which people feel severe, persistent, and irrational fears of social or performance situations in which embarrassment may occur

Question 20

phobia

Answer 20

a persistent and unreasonable fear of a particular object, activity, or situation

Question 21

panic attacks

Answer 21

periodic, short bouts of panic

Question 22

panic disorder

Answer 22

an anxiety disorder characterised by recurrent and unpredictable panic attacks that occur without apparent provocation

Question 23

agorophobia

Answer 23

a phobia that makes people avoid public places or situations in which escape might be difficult or help unavailable should panic symptoms develop

Question 24

obsessions

Answer 24

persistent thoughts, ideas, impulses, or images that seem to invade a person’s consciousness

Question 25

compulsions

Answer 25

irrational repetitive and rigid behaviours or mental acts that people feel compelled to perform to prevent or reduce anxiety

Question 26

OCD

Answer 26

a mental disorder associated with repeated, abnormal, anxiety provoking thoughts and or repeated rigid behaviour

Question 27

acute stress disorder

Answer 27

an anxiety disorder in which fear and related symptoms are experienced soon after a traumatic event and last less than a month

Question 28

PTSD

Answer 28

an anxiety disorder in which fear and related symptoms continue to be experienced long after a traumatic event

Question 29

schizophrenia

Answer 29

a mental disorder characterised by disorganised thoughts, lack of contact with reality, and sometimes hallucinations

Question 30

psychosis

Answer 30

loss of contact with reality

Question 31

positive symptoms

Answer 31

int he case of schizophrenia, symptoms that seem to represent pathological excresses in behaviour, including delusions, disorganised thinking and speech hallucinations, and inappropriate affect

Question 32

delusions

Answer 32

blatantly false beliefs that are firmly held despite evidence to the contrary

Question 33

loose associations or derailment

Answer 33

a common thought disorder of schizophrenia, characterised by rapid shifts from one topic to another

Question 34

hallucinations

Answer 34

imagined sights, sounds or other sensory events experienced as if they were real

Question 35

negative symptoms

Answer 35

in the case of schizophrenia, symptoms that seem to reflect pathological deficits including poverty of speech, flat affect, loss of volition and social withdrawal

Question 36

catatonia

Answer 36

extreme psychomotor symptoms of schizophrenia, including catatonic stupor, catatonic rigidity, and catatonic posturing

Question 37

antipsychotic drugs

Answer 37

medications that help remove the symptoms of schizophrenia

Question 38

somatic symptom and related disorders

Answer 38

excessive thoughts, feelings, and behaviours related to somatic symptoms

Question 39

dissociative disorder

Answer 39

a psychological disorder characterised by major loss of memory without a clear physical cause; types include dissociative amnesia, dissociative fugue, and dissociative identity disorder

Question 40

personality disorder

Answer 40

an inflexible pattern of inner experience and outward behaviour that causes distress or difficulty with daily functioning

Question 41

antisocial personality disorder

Answer 41

a personality disorder characterised by extreme and callous disregard for the feelings and rights of others

Question 42

borderline personality disorder

Answer 42

a personality disorder characterised by severe instability in emotions and self-concept and high levels of volatility