Lesson 2 (chapter 15) Flashcards
abnormal Psyc
the scientific study of psychological disorders
internal classification of diseases
the system used by most countries to classify psych disorders published by the WHO and currently in its 11th edition
diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders
the leading classification system for psychological disorder in Canadian DSM-5 is current version
diagnosis
a clinician’s determination that a persons cluster of symptoms represents a particular disorder
comorbity
the condition in which a persons symptoms qualify them for 2 or more diagnoses
family system theory
a theory holding that each family has its own implicit rules, relationship structures, and communication patterns that shape the behaviour of the individual members
developmental psychopathology
the study of how problem behaviours evolve as a function of a person’s genes and early experiences and how these early issues affect the person at later life stages
risk factor
biological and environmental factors that contribute to problem outcomes
equifinality
the idea that different children can start from different points and wind up at the same outcome
multi finality
the idea that children can start from the same point and wind up at any number of different outcomes
resilience
the ability to recover from or avoid the serious effects of negative circumstances
depression
a persistent sad state in which life seems dark and its challenges overwhelming
mania
a persistent state of euphoria or frenzied energy
major depressive disorder
a disorder characterised by a depressed mood that is significantly disabling and is not caused by such factors as drugs or general medical condition
bipolar disorder
a mood disorder in which periods od mania alternate with periods of depression
cognitive triad
a pattern of thinking in which individuals repeatedly interpret their experiences, themselves, and their futures in negative ways that lead to them feeling depressed
automatic thoughts
specific upsetting thoughts that arise unbidden
generalised anxiety disorder
an anxiety disorder in which people feel excessive anxiety and worry under most circumstances
social anxiety disorder
an anxiety disorder in which people feel severe, persistent, and irrational fears of social or performance situations in which embarrassment may occur
phobia
a persistent and unreasonable fear of a particular object, activity, or situation
panic attacks
periodic, short bouts of panic
panic disorder
an anxiety disorder characterised by recurrent and unpredictable panic attacks that occur without apparent provocation
agorophobia
a phobia that makes people avoid public places or situations in which escape might be difficult or help unavailable should panic symptoms develop
obsessions
persistent thoughts, ideas, impulses, or images that seem to invade a person’s consciousness
compulsions
irrational repetitive and rigid behaviours or mental acts that people feel compelled to perform to prevent or reduce anxiety
OCD
a mental disorder associated with repeated, abnormal, anxiety provoking thoughts and or repeated rigid behaviour
acute stress disorder
an anxiety disorder in which fear and related symptoms are experienced soon after a traumatic event and last less than a month
PTSD
an anxiety disorder in which fear and related symptoms continue to be experienced long after a traumatic event
schizophrenia
a mental disorder characterised by disorganised thoughts, lack of contact with reality, and sometimes hallucinations
psychosis
loss of contact with reality
positive symptoms
int he case of schizophrenia, symptoms that seem to represent pathological excresses in behaviour, including delusions, disorganised thinking and speech hallucinations, and inappropriate affect
delusions
blatantly false beliefs that are firmly held despite evidence to the contrary
loose associations or derailment
a common thought disorder of schizophrenia, characterised by rapid shifts from one topic to another
hallucinations
imagined sights, sounds or other sensory events experienced as if they were real
negative symptoms
in the case of schizophrenia, symptoms that seem to reflect pathological deficits including poverty of speech, flat affect, loss of volition and social withdrawal
catatonia
extreme psychomotor symptoms of schizophrenia, including catatonic stupor, catatonic rigidity, and catatonic posturing
antipsychotic drugs
medications that help remove the symptoms of schizophrenia
somatic symptom and related disorders
excessive thoughts, feelings, and behaviours related to somatic symptoms
dissociative disorder
a psychological disorder characterised by major loss of memory without a clear physical cause; types include dissociative amnesia, dissociative fugue, and dissociative identity disorder
personality disorder
an inflexible pattern of inner experience and outward behaviour that causes distress or difficulty with daily functioning
antisocial personality disorder
a personality disorder characterised by extreme and callous disregard for the feelings and rights of others
borderline personality disorder
a personality disorder characterised by severe instability in emotions and self-concept and high levels of volatility
