Lesson 1 (chapter 13) Flashcards
Social psyc
An area of psyc that seeks to understand, explain, and predict how people’s thoughts, feelings, and behaviours are influenced by the actual, imagined, or implied presence of others
Social cognition
The way in which people perceive and interpret themselves and others in their social world
Attitudes
Relatively stable and enduring evaluations of things and people
ABC model of attitudes
A model proposing that attitudes have three components: the affective component, the behavioural component, and the cognitive component
Cognitive dissonance
A state of emotional discomfort people experience when they hold 2 contradicting beliefs or hold a belief that contradicts their behaviour
Sept perception theory
A theory suggesting that when people are uncertain of their attitudes they infer what the attitudes are by observing their own behaviour
Implicit attitude
An attitude of which the person is unaware
Stereotypes
Fixed overgeneralized and oversimplified beliefs about a person or a group of people based on assumptions about the group
Prejudice
Negative and unjust feelings about individuals based on their inclusion in a particular group
social identity theory
a theory that emphasises social cognitive factors in the onset of prejudice
attributions
causal explanations of behaviour
fundamental attribution error
the tendency to use dispositional attributions to explain the behaviour of other people
actor observer effect
the discrepancy between how we explain other peoples behaviour (dispositionally) and how we explain our own behaviour situationally
self serving bias
the tendency people have to attribute their successes to internal causes and their failures to external ones
social role
a set of norms ascribed to a persons social position, expectation, and duties associated with the individuals position in the family, at work, in the community, and in other settings
norms
social rules about how members of a society are expected to act
conformity
the tendency to yield to social pressure
obedience
the act of following direct commands, usually given by an authority figure
group
an organised, stable collection of individuals in which the members are aware of and influence one another and share a common identity
social facilitation
an effect in which the presence of others enhances performance
social loafing
a phenomenon in which people exert less effort on a collective task than they would on a comparable individual task; also known as free riding
group polarization
the intensification of an initial tendency of individual group members brought about by group discussion
groupthink
a form of faulty group decision making that occurs when group members strive for unanimity, and this goal overrides their motivation to realistically appraise alternative courses of action
alturism
self sacrificing behaviour carried out for the benefit of others
aggression
a broad range of behaviours intended to harm others
triangular theory of love
a theory proposed by Sternberg that love is composed of 3 elements: intimacy, passion and commitment
