Lesson 2

Question 1

What are cultural differences?

Answer 1

Variations in communication styles, social norms, and nonverbal behaviors among different cultures.

Question 2

What are contextual differences in communication?

Answer 2

Differences in communication styles evident in decision-making, problem-solving, and social interactions.

Question 3

Define low-context cultures.

Answer 3

Cultures that tend to be more direct in communication, focused on results and facts.

Question 4

Define high-context cultures.

Answer 4

Cultures that are more indirect, emphasizing relationships and feelings in decision-making.

Question 5

What is time orientation?

Answer 5

The preference towards past, present, or future as it affects cultural attitudes.

Question 6

Give an example of a future-oriented culture.

Answer 6

The United States.

Question 7

Give an example of a present-oriented culture.

Answer 7

India and China.

Question 8

How do manners differ across cultures?

Answer 8

Behaviors considered normal in one culture may be inappropriate in another.

Question 9

What is an example of a nonverbal difference?

Answer 9

Placing hands in pockets is disrespectful in Turkey.

Question 10

What is the significance of age differences in cultures?

Answer 10

Some cultures value youth while others respect age and seniority.

Question 11

What are language registers?

Answer 11

Levels and styles of speaking and writing appropriate for different situations.

Question 12

List the five established registers in English.

Answer 12

• Frozen/Static
• Formal
• Consultative
• Casual
• Intimate

Question 13

What is the frozen register?

Answer 13

Language that never changes, often learned by rote.

Question 14

What characterizes the formal register?

Answer 14

Language for formal settings, follows a prescribed format.

Question 15

What is the consultative register?

Answer 15

Standard form that is less formal and used when consulting an expert.

Question 16

What defines the casual register?

Answer 16

Informal, conversational language that may include slang.

Question 17

What is the intimate register?

Answer 17

Language for private communication between close individuals.

Question 18

What does ‘World Englishes’ refer to?

Answer 18

Varieties of global English that have developed in different regions.

Question 19

What are Kachru’s three concentric circles?

Answer 19

• Inner Circle: Native speakers
• Outer Circle: Second language speakers
• Expanding Circle: Foreign language speakers

Question 20

What is Philippine English?

Answer 20

A variety of English that is nativized in the Philippines, used in various fields.

Question 21

Give an example of a vocabulary difference between Philippine English and American English.

Answer 21

Estafa (Philippine English) means criminal deception.

Question 22

What is a spelling difference between American and British English?

Answer 22

Traveler (AmE) vs. Traveller (BrE).

Question 23

How does pronunciation differ between American and British English?

Answer 23

AmE uses /æ/ for ‘chance’, while BrE uses /a/.

Question 24

TRUE or FALSE: All cultures have the same communication style.

Answer 24

FALSE

Question 25

Fill in the blank: Registers are determined by _______.

Answer 25

[social occasion, relationships, context, purpose, audience]

Question 26

What is an example of a cultural attitude towards work in East Asia?

Answer 26

Workers are happier with good relationships with colleagues.

Question 27

What is an example of a cultural attitude towards work in North America?

Answer 27

Workers thrive on gratifying job assignments.

Question 28

What does 'boodle fight' refer to in the Philippines?

Answer 28

A communal eating style where food is served on banana leaves.

Question 29

-There are five (5) established registers based on the English language.

Answer 29

Frozen/Static .Formal.Consultative.Casual.Intimate

Question 30

Language does not change, e.g. National Anthem

Answer 30

Frozen/Static

Question 31

Language follows accepted & prescribed format, e.g. business meetings, academic papers, lectures

Answer 31

Formal

Question 32

-Language is less formal and the context involves one with specialized knowledge or an expert who is consulted or can give advice.

Answer 32

Consultative

Question 34

Language is conversational, may be informal with slang and contractions, e.g. chit-chat & text messages between friends

Answer 34

Casual

Question 35

Language is for private communication used between lovers or very close family and friends, e.g. inside pet names, inside jokes, terms of endearment.

Answer 35

Intimate

Question 36

- For formal settings; often follows prescriptive (commonly accepted) format - Fewer contractions, complete sentences and may include some technical/academic vocab Example:business meetings, lectures academic/scientific papers, speeches, school lessons, court proceedings

Answer 36

Formal

Question 37

Never changes - Often learned and repeated by rote. Example: ...Prayers , Pledge of Allegiance Wedding vows , National Anthem

Answer 37

Frozen or Static

Question 38

- Standard form though may be less formal - Used when consulting an expert, e.g. Doctor - Speaker likely addresses the expert by a title, such Dr., Mr., Ms., Atty. .E.g. superior -subordinate employer-employee doctor-patient; counselor-patient teacher-student ..

Answer 38

Consultative

Question 39

- Informal, conversational in tone - General words and may include colloquialisms and some slangs E.g. buddies, cliques, teammates, chats, personal blogs

Answer 39

4. Casual

Question 40

- For private communication lovers, husband and wife, close family members

Answer 40

Intimate