Lesson 2

Question 1

A data structure used by the operating system to store all information about a process.

Answer 1

Process Control Block

Question 2

Represents the current status of a process in its life cycle.

Answer 2

Process State

Question 3

The process is being created.

Answer 3

New

Question 4

The process is currently executing.

Answer 4

Running

Question 5

The process is waiting for an event or resource.

Answer 5

Waiting

Question 6

The process is ready to execute but waiting for CPU time.

Answer 6

Ready

Question 7

The process has completed execution.

Answer 7

Terminated

Question 8

The action of transferring control from the operating system to a selected process.

Answer 8

Dispatch

Question 9

A register that holds the address of the next instruction to be executed.

Answer 9

Program Counter

Question 10

Contains temporary data storage locations within the CPU for a process.

Answer 10

CPU Register

Question 11

Data about the process’s priority and scheduling policy.

Answer 11

CPU Scheduling Information

Question 12

Information about the memory allocated to the process.

Answer 12

Memory Management Information

Question 13

Keeps track of resource usage for the process.

Answer 13

Accounting Information

Question 14

Maintains information about the status of I/O operations associated with process.

Answer 14

I/O Status Information

Question 15

The smallest sequence of programmed instructions that can be managed independently by the scheduler.

Answer 15

Threads

Question 16

The method by which the operating system determines which processes to execute at any given time.

Answer 16

Process Scheduling

Question 17

The component responsible for deciding which processes to run next.

Answer 17

Process Scheduler

Question 18

Contains all processes in the system.

Answer 18

Job Queue

Question 19

Contains processes that are ready to execute.

Answer 19

Ready Queue

Question 20

Contains processes waiting for I/O devices.

Answer 20

Device Queue

Question 21

Decides which ready processes to execute next.

Answer 21

Short Term/CPU Scheduler

Question 22

Decides which processes are admitted to the system for processing.

Answer 22

Long Term/Job Scheduler

Question 23

A process that spends more time waiting for I/O operations than using the CPU

Answer 23

I/O Bound Process

Question 24

A process that spends more time executing computations on the CPU than waiting for I/O

Answer 24

CPU Time /CPU Bound Process

Question 25

The process of storing the state of a currently running process so that it can be resumed later, and loading the state of another processes.

Answer 25

Context Switch

Question 26

Actions that can be performed on a process, including creation, termination, and scheduling.

Answer 26

Operation on process

Question 27

A unique numerical value assigned to each process for identification.

Answer 27

Process Identifier (PID)

Question 28

The act of creating a new process, usually initiated by a system call.

Answer 28

Process Creation

Question 29

Refers to how resources are shared between parent and child process during process creation.

Answer 29

Sharing Option

Question 30

The running of a process by a CPU.

Answer 30

Execution

Question 31

The completion of a process's execution and the release of its resources.

Answer 31

Process Termination

Question 32

The process of releasing resources that were allocated to a process when it terminates.

Answer 32

Resource Deallocation

Question 33

The forced termination of a process before it completes its execution, often due to errors or system constraints.

Answer 33

Abortion

Question 34

The termination of child processes when a parent process is terminated.

Answer 34

Cascading Termination

Question 35

Mechanisms that allow processes to communicate and synchronize their actions.

Answer 35

Inter-Process Communication

Question 36

A process that does not require any resources from other processes to function.

Answer 36

Independent Process

Question 37

A process that requires interaction with other processes to function effectively.

Answer 37

Cooperating Process

Question 38

A method of IPC where multiple processes can access the same memory space for communication.

Answer 38

Shared Memory

Question 39

A method of IPC where processes communicate by sending messages to each other.

Answer 39

Message Passing

Question 40

A collection of interconnected devices that communicate and share resources.

Answer 40

Network

Question 41

Refers to communication between specific processes.

Answer 41

Logical Direct Message

Question 42

Message involves communication through a shared mailbox or message queue.

Answer 42

Logical Indirect Message

Question 43

Occurs in real-time

Answer 43

Synchronous

Question 44

Communication does not require both processes to be active at the same time.

Answer 44

Asynchronous

Question 45

It is managed by operating system

Answer 45

Automatic Buffering

Question 46

It is controlled by the programmer.

Answer 46

Explicit Buffering

Question 47

Endpoints for sending and receiving data across a network, often used in client-server architectures.

Answer 47

Sockets

Question 48

A communication endpoint in networking that allows different services or applications to connect and communicate over a network. Each port is identified by a number, typically ranging from 0 to 65535.

Answer 48

Port

Question 49

A unique identifier assigned to each device connected to a network that uses the Internet Protocol for communication.

Answer 49

IP Address

Question 50

Any computer or device on a network that can be assigned an IP address and can communicate with other devices on the network. It can includes servers, workstations, and other devices.

Answer 50

Host