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IT 2 > Lesson 1 > Flashcards

Lesson 1 Flashcards

1
Q

A program that manages a computer resources, especially the allocation of those resources among other programs.

A

Operating System

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2
Q

It consists of 2 components, which are the System and Application Software.

A

Software

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3
Q

A language that is understand by a computer or a machine. It is design to communicate with the machine.

A

Programming Language

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4
Q

Means no value, not 1 nor 0.

A

Null

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5
Q

An electronic device that processes data, performing calculations and operations based on user instructions.

A

Computer

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6
Q

The process of managing computer memory, including allocation, tracking, and freeing memory as needed to optimize performance.

A

Memory Management

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7
Q

The handling of data storage resources, including file systems and storage devices, to ensure data is stored, retrieved, and organized efficiently.

A

Storage Management

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8
Q

Measures implemented to safeguard data and resources against unauthorized access and threats.

A

Protection and Security

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9
Q

Responsible for executing instructions and processing data in a computer.

A

Central Processing Unit

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10
Q

The practice of connecting computers and devices to share resources and communicate over a network.

A

Networking

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11
Q

The organization, storage, retrieval, naming, sharing, and protection of files on storage devices.

A

File Management

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12
Q

The coordination and handling of processes in a system, including their creation, scheduling, and termination.

A

Process Management

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13
Q

A formal set of instructions that can be used to produce a wide range of outputs, including software applications.

A

Programming Languages

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14
Q

A term indicating the absence of a value or a reference to a an object.

A

Null

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15
Q

A character encoding standard for electronic communication that represents text in computers.

A

ASCII Code

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16
Q

An electronic device that processes data, performing calculations and operations based on user instructions.

A

Computer

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17
Q

A number system that uses two symbols, typically 0 and 1, to represent data in computing.

A

Binary

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18
Q

The core component of an operating system that manages system resources and allows communication between hardware and software.

A

Kernel

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19
Q

A small program that initializes the system during the startup process, loading the operating system into memory.

A

Bootstrap Program

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20
Q

Software permanently programmed into a hardware device, providing a low-level control over its operation.

A

Firmware

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21
Q

Firmware that initializes hardware during the booting process before handing over control the operating system.

A

BIOS (Basic Input/Output System)

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22
Q

The primary storage device or partition where the operating system is typically installed in Windows system.

23
Q

The main circuit board of a computer, connecting the CPU, memory, and other hardware components.

A

Motherboard

24
Q

Are peripherals that allow interaction with the computer, while the CPU processes data from these devices.

A

I/O Devices and CPU Input/Output Devices

25
A temporary storage area for data being transferred between devices, ensuring smooth data flow.
Buffering
26
The process of transferring data from a remote server to a local device.
Download
27
A network security system that monitors and controls incoming and outgoing network traffic based on predetermined security rules.
Firewall
28
A signal to the processor emitted by hardware or software indicating an event that needs immediate attentions.
Interrupt
29
The state of being excluded from a rule or regulation.
Exemption
30
The organization of input/output devices and their communication with the CPU and memory.
I/O Structure
31
The state in which a process has finished its execution.
Completion
32
The organization and management of data storage in a computer system.
Storage Structure
33
The main memory used by the CPU to store data temporarily while in use.
Primary - Random Access Memory
34
Storage devices that are used for long-term data storage.
Secondary - HDD, SDD
35
A portable storage device that uses flash memory to store data.
Flash Drive
36
A small, high-speed storage area that temporarily holds frequently accessed data for quick retrieval.
Cache
37
A program that allows the operating system to communicate with hardware devices.
Device Driver
38
The design and organization of a computer system, including its components and their interactions.
Computer System Architecture
39
A computer system with multiple CPUs that can execute processes simultaneously, enhancing performance.
Multiprocessor
40
The organization and design of the operating system, including its components and their relationships.
Operating System Structure
41
A system that allows multiple programs to reside in memory simultaneously, maximizing CPU utilization.
Multi-Programming / Batch System
42
The process of determining which jobs(processes) are to be executed by the CPU at any given time.
Job Scheduling
43
A method that allows multiple users or processes to share system resources simultaneously, giving the illusion of concurrent execution.
Time Sharing / Multi-Tasking
44
The handling of the life cycle of processes, including their creation, execution, and termination.
Process Management
45
A program in execution, which includes the program code, current activity, and associated resources.
Process
46
A set of instructions that a computer follows to perform a specific task.
Program
47
The order in which instructions are executed in a program.
Sequence
48
A state where a process is waiting for an event to occur before it can proceed.
Passive
49
A state where a process is currently executing instructions.
Active
50
A register that keeps track of the address of the next instruction to be executed in a program.
Stack Program Counter
51
A segment of a program that contains global variables and static data.
Data Section
52
A variable that is accessible throughout the entire program
Global Variable
53
Refers to the repetition of a block of code, while an array is a data structure that holds multiple values of the same type.
Looping and Array Looping
54
A memory area used for dynamic memory allocation, allowing programs to request and free memory at runtime.
Heap

IT 2 (3 decks)

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