Lesson 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Prehistoric age (1500BC-1500AD)

A

refers to the time before the existence of written or recorded history. According to archeologist, the Prehistoric Age occurred some 4.5 million years ago or approximately 30, 000 years ago. It also known as Stone Age and the Metal Age. They are called such because of the kind of tools that the prehistoric people used during those times. The tools were relatively crude, archeologist believe that a system of writing hat not yet existed during this era.

The prehistoric men learned how to sharpen their tools and use them for hunting, they also acquired the knowledge on how to use these materials in carving stones. Eventually, this paved the way for them to create a system of writing, which marked the start of the historic period.

The Clay tablets in Mesopotamia (2400 BC), the early writing tablet recording the allocation of beer, 3100-3000 Β. C.E., another notable invention was the Printing press using wood blocks (220 AD), originated in china, it is technique or printing text, images or patterns used widely throughout East Asia.

Wood Block Products

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2
Q

prehistoric people also used these crude stone tools to create objects, which are now considered rock art.

A

the Stone Age,

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3
Q

The two kinds of rock art during the Stone Age are

A

petroglyphs and pictographs.

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4
Q

Can be carving or engravings in rocks or caves

A

Petroglyphs

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5
Q

Represent words or phrases through symbols. Used to refer to sketches or paintings that usually depict nature, early people’s way of life.

A

Pictographs

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6
Q

began in the 18th century in Great Britain when the country made drastic reforms to improve their economy. Technology shifted from using hand tools to operating power-driven machines. Most people associated factories and machines to industries.

Selling of goods boosted during the Industrial Age. The concept of mass production or manufacturing of goods in large quantities was introduced, increasing the demand for bigger and better machines. Special machines were fabricated to meet the specific needs of different factories.

  • has improved the people’s way of living as new inventions such as steamboats and steam locomotives, made transportation faster. However some business owners during this era focused only on earning profit so they took
A

Industrial Age (1700s-1930s)

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7
Q

key used to send the famous message “What Hath God Wroght” over the prototype telegraph line between Baltimore and Washington D.C. in 1844. A

A

The telegraphy

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8
Q

used for writing characters was also invented around 1800.

A

typewriter

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9
Q

refers to an object that has electronic components, such as sensors, microchips, which functions once it is connected to an electronic outlet. The Industrial Age and Electronic Age are quite similar they thrived in the manufacturing industries, the only different because of the equipment used. Example Transportation and Communication.

A

Electronic Age (1930s 1980s)

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10
Q

was introduced by Texas instruments (TI) had perfected production to the point that transistors became cheap enough for use in consumer items.

A

Transistor Radio

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11
Q

began its popularity in the 1940s. It was a novel item that everyone wanted to have. It opened the doors for a variety of new experiences for all Americans.

A

The television

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12
Q

has upgraded what it can offer to consumers in terms of gadgets and devices that can make their way of life not only functional and comfortable, but also offer endless possibilities.

A

Information (Digital) Age (1900s - 2000s)

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13
Q

is a period in human history characterized by the shift from traditional industry that the Industrial Revolution brought through industrialization, to an economy based on information computerization. The internet paved the way advanced the used of microelectronics with the invention of personal computers, devices wearable technology. Moreover, voice, image, sounds, and data are digitalized.

This is the period of computers, laptops, smartphones and social media.

A

Digital Age or Informational Age

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14
Q

It is one-directional

The media experience is limited

The sense of receptors used are very specific (i.e., print media requires sense of sight, radio requires sense of hearing, and television and film requires both)

A

Traditional Media

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15
Q

The audiences are more involved

They are able to simultaneously feedback

Integrates all the aspects of the traditional media.

Media experience interactive is more

A

New Media

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16
Q

Examples would be the telephone, and e-mail where” content is private and perishable and the relationship established and reinforced may be more important than the information conveyed.”

A

a. Interpersonal communication media.

17
Q

Video and computer-based games, plus virtual reality devise compose this category.

A
  1. Interactive play media.
18
Q

The Internet and the World Wide Web become repositories or sources of a vast collection of information that can be accessed real-time despite geographical location. Broadcast teletext and radio data services are also examples. Information retrieval is no longer limited to personal computers because this functionality has been extended to smartphones and tablets. Other means of information storage and retrieval include the personal video recorder, CD-ROM, compact disc, and DVD.

A
  1. Information search media.
19
Q

This refers to the to the use of the Internet for “sharing and exchanging information, ideas, and experiences and developing active (computer-mediated) personal relationships active (McQuail, 2010),

A
  1. Collective participatory media.
20
Q

it describes that all forms of communications are under the control of the governing elite or authorities or influential bureaucrats. Authoritarians are necessary to control the media to protect and prevent the people from the national threats through any form communication. The press is an instrument to enhance the ruler’s power in the country rather than any threats.

A
  1. Authoritarian Theory
21
Q
  • The Soviet Union was restructured with new political system based on the Marxist-Leninist principles. The newly formed communist party by Lenin shows much interest in the media which serves to the working class in the country and their welfare. So the Soviet originates a theory from Marxist, Leninist and Stalinist thoughts, with mixture of Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel ideology is called “Soviet Media Theory” is also known as “The communist Media Theory”. The same theory was developed and followed by Adolf Hitler’s Nazi in Germany and Benito Mussolini in Italy
A
  1. Soviet Media Theory
22
Q
  • The basis which our analysis perspectives, programme, and participation in the movement are based. It is our “guide to action” and is why the international Marxist Tendency places so much emphasis on political education.
A
  1. Marxist Theory
23
Q

The crimes we shall expose are to be judge not by the standards of Communist regimes, but by the unwritten code of the natural laws of humanity.

A
  1. Marxist Theory and Leninist Theory
24
Q

The method of rule, or policies of Joseph Stalin, Soviet Communist Party and state leader from 1929 until his death in 1954. Stalinism is associated with a regime of terror and totalitarian rule.

A
  1. Stalinist Theory
25
Q
  • Sees people are more enough to find and judge good ideas from bad. The theory says people are rational and their rational thoughts lead them to find out what are good and bad. The press should not restrict
A
  1. Libertarian Theory
26
Q
  • Allows free press without any censorship but at the same time the content of the press should be discussed in public panel and media should accept any obligation from public interference or professional self-regulations or both. The theory lies between bothauthoritarian theory and libertarian theory because it gives total media freedom in one hand but the external controls in other hand.
A
  1. Social Responsibility Theory
27
Q

a German Philosopher who developed a dialectical scheme that emphasized the progress of history and of ideas from thesis to antithesis and thence to a synthesis.

A

Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel -

28
Q

Roles and Functions of Media in a Democratic Society

A

During the Colonial Period, people had been restricted to express their ideas and fight for their rights. Democratic comes from the Greek words “demo” (people and “kratos” (rulej which means rule of the people. In democratic society, the welfare