LESSON 2 Flashcards
Condition of the atmosphere at a particular place over a short period of time (Ex: sunny, rainy, windy)
Weather
Refers to the weather pattern of a place over a long period, long enough to yield meaningful averages (Ex: hot and humid)
Climate
FACTORS AFFECTING WEATHER AND CLIMATE
Solar radiation
Evaporation
Cloud cover or State of the sky
Temperature
Humidity
Rainfall (precipitation)
Atmospheric pressure
Wind
Energy emitted by the sun
Determines weather and climate
Measured using a radiometer
SOLAR RADIATION
Amount of water that is returned to air from liquid to gaseous state. It is measured using an evaporation pan
EVAPORATION
Examples of Greenhouse Gases
Water vapors
Carbon Dioxide
Methane
Chlorofluorocarbons (CFC)
Nitrous Oxide
most abundant greenhouse gas in the atmosphere
Water Vapor
burning of fossil fuels
Carbon Dioxide
produces from decaying plant or animal matter
Methane
used as refrigerant in refrigerator and air-conditioning units
Chlorofluorocarbons
also called as laughing gas, ________ has been used in surgical and dental procedures for years because of its anesthetic and analgesic properties
Nitrous Oxide
Refers to the fraction of the sky obscured
by clouds when observed from a
particular location
CLOUD COVER / STATE OF THE SKY
OKTAS is the usual unit of measurement of the cloud cover (0-8 OKTAS)
CLOUD COVER / STATE OF THE SKY
0 oktas means ________ : 8 oktas means the sky is ________
clear : completely covered
Response to solar radiation
Terms: MAX, MIN, MEAN, NORMAL
Measured using a thermometer
Common units are degree Celsius,
Farenheit, Kelvin, Rankine
TEMPERATURE
Water vapor content of the atmosphere. It also Indicates likelihood of precipitation, dew or fog
HUMIDITY
expressed as percent, measures current absolute humidity relative to maximum (highest point) for that temperature
Relative humidity
ratio of water vapor content of mixture to total air content on mass basis
Specific humidity
water content of air expressed in gram per cubic meter
Absolute humidity
Amount of humidity in % is measured by
Hygrometer
Amount of water that is released from the atmosphere It is measured in mm by using a rain gauge
RAINFALL or PRECIPITATION
Force exerted on a surface by air above it as gravity pulls it to Earth. It is measured using a Barometer
Atmospheric Pressure
Common values of atmospheric pressure are
1 atm
1013 millibars
101,325 Pa
760 mm Hg
760 Torr
14.7 psi
Air in motion
Has magnitude and direction
Measured using anemometer and wind vane or aero vane
Wind
WEATHER INSTRUMENTS
CAMPBELL STOKE SUNSHINE RECORDER
RADIOMETER
STEVENSON SCREEN
MINIMUM AND MAXIMUM THERMOMETER
SLING PSYCHROMETER
HYGROMETER
BAROMETER
BAROGRAPH
AERO VANE
ANEMOMETER
RAINGAUGE
TIPPING BUCKET RECORDER AND RAIN GAUGE
EVAPORATION PAN
continuous record of bright sun shine hour is obtained by sunshine recorder; consists of a spherical glass mounted on a stand. When the sun rays fall on the glass, a strip of prepared paper held in a grove at the focus length starts burning
Campbell Stoke Sunshine Recorder
device used for measuring radiant flux of electromagnetic radiation
Radiometer
a shelter for thermometer, hydrometer and other instruments used in measuring temperature and humidity
Stevenson Screen
consists of two horizontally placed thermometers. One records the minimum temperature of the day and the other records the maximum temperature of the day
Minumum and Maximum Thermometer
instrument is swung freely in the air or is aerated by a fan, the loss of heat required to evaporate water from the wet bulb will cause it to show lower temperature reading
Sling Psychrometer
this device use a human or animal hair under tension. Hair is hygroscopic, its length changes with humidity and the length change may be magnified by a mechanism and indicated on a dial or scale.
Hygrometer
used to measure atmospheric pressure, instantaneously
Barometer
recording minute fluctuation of atmospheric pressure
Barograph
indicates both the wind direction and wind speed or simply the wind velocity. It is shaped like an airplane. The nose of the plane points to the direction from which the wind blows and the rotation of the propeller measures the wind speed.
Aero vane
used for the measurement of wind speed. Either three or four metal hemispheres are mounted on arms which rotate freely about a vertical axis.
Anemometer
Is a device used for measuring the amount of rainfall. It is 8 in. in diameter. The rainfall collected is being measured with the use of a dipstick with a measurementon it.
Rain Gauge
rainfall entering the funnel collector is directed to the tipping bucket assembly. When the incremental amount of precipitation has been collected, the buckets assembly tips and activates a magnetic reed switch. The sample is discharged through the base of the gauge.
TIPPING BUCKET RECORDER AND RAIN GAUGE
