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Principles of Imaging > lesson 2 > Flashcards

lesson 2 Flashcards

1
Q

blackening of the finished radiograph

A

density

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2
Q

light and dark areas on the image

A

contrast

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3
Q

degree of appearance of the edge between two density areas in the imaging subject

A

detail/sharpness

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4
Q

larger than the object they represent

A

magnification

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5
Q

unequal magnification of different portions of the same object

A

distortion

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6
Q

blurring of the image

A

motion

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7
Q

distance between source and image receptor

A

source to image distance

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8
Q

distance between object and image receptor

A

object to image distance

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9
Q

a phosphor material which converts x-ray energy into light photons

A

Intensifying screen

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10
Q

device which measures density of the xray film

A

densitometer

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11
Q

mAs (milliampere-second)

A
  • primary controls the quantity of the xray
  • directly affects the density
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12
Q

kVp (kilovoltage-peak)

A
  • controls the quality of the x-ray beam
  • affects radiograph contrast
  • responsible for penetration
  • secondary of scatter radiation
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13
Q

types of contrast

A
  • high contrast
  • low contrast
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14
Q

great difference between transmitted densities

A

high contrast

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15
Q

less or slight difference between the transmitted densities

A

low contrast

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16
Q

ability to image two separate object of very similar subject contrast

A

resolution

17
Q

types of resolution

A
  • low contrast resolution
  • high contrast resolution
18
Q

involves object of very similar subject contrast

A

low contrast resolution

19
Q

refers to object having high subject contrast

A

high contrast resolution

20
Q

factors affecting geometric detail

A
  • motion
  • focal spot size
  • OID
  • SID
  • IS speed
  • film-screen contact
  • non-screen holder
  • target object film alignment
21
Q

movements of the parts of the body that can be controlled

A

voluntary motion

22
Q

movements of the body parts that cannot be controlled

A

involuntary motion

23
Q

time to beat the motion of the heart

A

0.05 sec

24
Q

penumbra effect is caused by what

A
  • large effective focal spot
  • short SID
  • long OID
25
Q

must always be perpendicular to one another to produce geometric sharpness

A

target-object-film alignment

26
Q

types of distortion

A
  • elongation
  • foreshortening
27
Q

the image appears bigger than the object being radiographed. Improperly aligned

A

elongation

28
Q

the radiographic image appears shorter than its actual size

A

foreshortening

29
Q

the unsharpness or focal spotblur is caused by large effective focal spot, short SIDand long OID.

A

penumbra effect

30
Q

How to minimize Magnification:

A
  1. Use large SID
  2. Use small OID
31
Q

Causes of Distortion:

A
  1. The thickness of the object
  2. The position of the object
32
Q

Causes of Focal spot blur:

A
  1. Large effective focal spot
  2. Short SID
  3. Long OID

Principles of Imaging (7 decks)

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