LESSON 2 Flashcards
What is the definition of a health system according to Roemer (1991)?
a. The provision of medical services to the population
b. The combination of resources, organization, financing, and management for healthcare delivery
c. The availability of pharmaceutical companies
d. The number of healthcare providers in a region
Answer: b
What does the World Health Organization (WHO) define as the primary purpose of a health system?
a. Providing high-quality healthcare
b. Improving health and well-being
c. Generating profits for healthcare providers
d. Ensuring equitable access to healthcare
Answer: b
What are the components of a health system mentioned in the material?
a. Hospitals, clinics, and pharmacies
b. Government agencies, pharmaceutical companies, and healthcare providers
c. Doctors, nurses, and medical equipment
d. Community, ministries of health, healthcare providers, and others
Answer: d
According to the WHO (2000), what is the primary purpose of all the organizations, institutions, resources, and people in a health system?
a. Profit generation
b. Education and training
c. Improving health
d. Technological advancement
Answer: c
What is the overarching goal of a health system, as mentioned in the material?
a. Maximizing profits
b. Improving the health of populations
c. Providing high-quality healthcare services
d. Achieving technological advancement
Answer: b
What is the role of a health system in striving for equity in health?
a. Maximizing disparities
b. Minimizing disparities
c. Ignoring disparities
d. Exploiting disparities
Answer: b
What does “responsiveness” in the context of a health system refer to?
a. Promptness in delivering healthcare services
b. The ability of healthcare providers to respond to emergencies
c. Providing satisfactory health services and engaging people as active partners
d. The availability of pharmaceutical companies
Answer: c
According to the material, what is one way health systems can maximize people’s autonomy and control?
a. By limiting access to healthcare services
b. By minimizing responsiveness to non-health needs
c. By providing satisfactory health services
d. By maximizing profits
Answer: c
What is the core function of health systems policymakers when it comes to health service inputs?
a. Managing resources effectively
b. Delivering healthcare services
c. Identifying health priorities
d. Generating appropriate data
Answer: a
What does “stewardship” refer to in the context of a health system?
a. Delivering healthcare services
b. Identifying health priorities and generating data
c. Managing pharmaceutical companies
d. Overall system oversight and governance
Answer: d
What is the core responsibility of the government in terms of stewardship?
a. Generating profits from healthcare services
b. Identifying health priorities and coordinating activities
c. Managing pharmaceutical companies
d. Providing healthcare services directly
Answer: b
What is the primary goal of health financing in an ideal health system?
a. Maximizing out-of-pocket expenditures
b. Spreading financial risks among individuals
c. Ensuring that healthcare is free for everyone
d. Providing social and financial risk protection
Answer: d
What does “revenue collection” refer to in the context of health financing?
a. Generating profit for healthcare providers
b. Collecting money from healthcare providers
c. Collecting funds/resources to pay for health services
d. Collecting taxes for unrelated purposes
Answer: c
According to the World Health Organization (WHO), in an ideal health system, what should each individual pay for needed services regardless of social status?
a. A fixed amount
b. A percentage of their income
c. Nothing, as healthcare should be free
d. A percentage of their net worth
Answer: b
What is the primary function of “risk pooling” in health financing?
a. Providing free healthcare services
b. Spreading financial risks from an individual to all pool members
c. Generating profits for healthcare providers
d. Maximizing out-of-pocket expenditures
Answer: b
What is the Bismarck Model in health insurance known for?
a. Financing healthcare through employer-employee contributions
b. Providing free healthcare services to everyone
c. Covering only specific diseases
d. Government-funded healthcare
Answer: a
Which model of health insurance is named after William Beveridge and emphasizes healthcare as a basic human right?
a. Bismarck Model
b. National Health Service (NHS) Model
c. Beveridge Model
d. Socialized Medicine Model
Answer: c
What is the primary goal of strategic purchasing in health financing?
a. Maximizing healthcare costs
b. Minimizing quality of care
c. Using funds and resources wisely to finance healthcare services
d. Generating profits for healthcare providers
Answer: c
What are the building blocks in the WHO Health System Framework?
a. Hospitals, clinics, and pharmacies
b. Service delivery, leadership and governance, financing, health products, health workforce, and information
c. Government agencies and ministries of health
d. Medical equipment, medications, and vaccines
Answer: b
What does “service delivery” refer to in the WHO Health System Framework?
a. Management of healthcare resources
b. The timely delivery of quality and cost-effective healthcare services
c. Health financing mechanisms
d. Pharmaceutical services
Answer: b
Who is primarily responsible for ensuring effective stewardship of the entire health system?
a. Healthcare providers
b. Pharmaceutical companies
c. Government agencies and ministries of health
d. Health system policymakers
Answer: c
What does “health workforce” include in the WHO Health System Framework?
a. Medical equipment and facilities
b. Individuals and groups working to achieve the best health outcomes
c. Pharmaceutical companies
d. Financial resources
Answer: b
What is the role of “information” in the WHO Health System Framework?
a. Analyzing and disseminating unreliable information
b. Disseminating irrelevant information
c. Analyzing and disseminating reliable and relevant health information
d. Analyzing and disseminating financial data
Answer: c
In the Philippines, what health strategy was adopted in 1979 to promote participatory management of the local health care system?
a. Primary Health Care Strategy
b. Health Sector Reform Agenda
c. National Health Insurance Act
d. Generics Act
Answer: a
What major organizational restructuring of the Department of Health (DOH) occurred in 1999 to improve the way health care is delivered, regulated, and financed?
a. Reorganization of DOH (EO 851)
b. The Generics Act (RA 6675)
c. Health Sector Reform Agenda
d. National Health Insurance Act (RA 7875)
Answer: c
What does the Kalusugang Pangkalahatan or Universal Health Care aim to provide for all Filipinos?
a. Free healthcare services
b. Access to quality health care
c. Universal health insurance coverage
d. Access to pharmaceutical companies
Answer: c
What is the role of the Department of Health (DOH) in the Philippines?
a. Providing direct healthcare services
b. Regulating pharmaceutical companies
c. Developing health policies and guidelines
d. Managing medical facilities
Answer: c
What is the overarching goal of the Philippine Health Agenda 2016-2022?
a. To maximize profits in the healthcare industry
b. To provide free healthcare services to all Filipinos
c. To achieve a Healthy Philippine by 2022
d. To expand the healthcare workforce
Answer: c
What does “leadership and governance” in the WHO Health System Framework refer to?
a. The availability of strong leaders in healthcare
b. Ensuring effective stewardship of the entire health system
c. Managing healthcare finances
d. Pharmaceutical services
Answer: b
What is the role of regional health offices in the Philippines?
a. Directly providing healthcare services to the population
b. Regulating pharmaceutical companies
c. Supervising local government units (LGUs) in health-related duties
d. Managing medical equipment
Answer: c
Which act in the Philippines ushered the writing of prescriptions using the generic name of drugs?
a. Local Government Code (RA 7160)
b. Generics Act (RA 6675)
c. National Health Insurance Act (RA 7875)
d. Health Sector Reform Agenda
Answer: b
What is the primary goal of the Universally Accessible Cheaper and Quality Medicines Act (RA 9502)?
a. To maximize pharmaceutical profits
b. To restrict access to medicines
c. To ensure access to affordable quality drugs and medicines for all
d. To promote the use of brand-name drugs
Answer: c
What is the purpose of the FOURmula One (F1) for Health in the Philippines?
a. To encourage competition among healthcare providers
b. To reform the Philippine health system with speed and coordination
c. To provide free healthcare services to the poor
d. To prioritize healthcare for the wealthy
Answer: b
What is the key feature of the Beveridge Model of healthcare?
a. Healthcare is provided and funded by the government through tax payments.
b. Sickness funds finance healthcare through employer-employee contributions.
c. Healthcare is funded solely through out-of-pocket payments.
d. Healthcare is provided by private insurers.
Answer: a
What is the primary focus of the Bismarck Model of health insurance?
a. Government-funded healthcare
b. Sickness funds financing healthcare
c. A completely free healthcare system
d. Healthcare provided and funded by employers and employees
Answer: b
What is the primary goal of the “strategic purchasing” function in health financing?
a. Maximizing healthcare costs
b. Minimizing quality of care
c. Using funds and resources wisely to finance healthcare services
d. Maximizing profits for healthcare providers
Answer: c
What does the WHO Health System Framework identify as one of its building blocks for health systems?
a. Pharmaceutical services
b. Hospital management
c. Health technology advancement
d. Health information systems
Answer: d
What does “service delivery” refer to in the WHO Health System Framework?
a. Managing healthcare resources effectively
b. The timely delivery of quality and cost-effective healthcare services
c. Health financing mechanisms
d. Public health promotion
Answer: b
What is the role of the Department of Health (DOH) in the Philippines?
a. Providing direct healthcare services to the population
b. Regulating pharmaceutical companies
c. Developing health policies and guidelines
d. Managing medical facilities
Answer: c
What is the main objective of the “Philippine Health Agenda 2016-2022”?
a. To maximize healthcare profits
b. To provide free healthcare services to all Filipinos
c. To achieve a Healthy Philippine by 2022
d. To expand the number of medical schools in the Philippines
Answer: c
In which year did the Philippines adopt the Primary Health Care Strategy (LOI 949), which promoted participatory management of the local health care system?
a. 1982
b. 1979
c. 1988
d. 1991
Answer: b
What major change did the Reorganization of DOH (EO 851) in 1982 bring about?
a. Integration of healthcare with the Ministry of Education
b. Integration of components of health care delivery into DOH’s field operations
c. Establishment of a new healthcare department
d. Implementation of universal health insurance
Answer: b
The Generics Act (RA 6675), enacted in 1988, led to which significant practice in healthcare?
a. Mandatory vaccination for all citizens
b. The use of brand names in drug prescriptions
c. Writing prescriptions using the generic names of drugs
d. Banning the use of generic drugs
Answer: c
In 1991, which act transferred the responsibility of providing health services to local government units (LGUs)?
a. National Health Insurance Act (RA 7875)
b. Reorganization of DOH (EO 851)
c. Health Sector Reform Agenda
d. Local Government Code (RA 7160)
Answer: d
What was the primary focus of the National Health Insurance Act (RA 7875) enacted in 1995?
a. Restricting access to healthcare services
b. Providing universal health insurance coverage
c. Promoting private healthcare providers
d. Funding research in the health sector
Answer: b
In 1999, what did the Health Sector Reform Agenda order in the Philippines?
a. The establishment of more medical schools
b. The privatization of healthcare services
c. Major organizational restructuring of the DOH
d. The implementation of a nationwide vaccination program
Answer: c
Which operational framework, adopted in 2005, aimed to undertake healthcare reforms with speed, precision, and effective coordination to improve the Philippine health system?
a. Kalusugang Pangkalahatan
b. FOURmula One (F1) for Health
c. National Health Insurance Act (RA 7875)
d. Generics Act (RA 6675)
Answer: b
What did the Universally Accessible Cheaper and Quality Medicines Act (RA 9502) aim to promote and ensure?
a. Access to affordable quality drugs and medicine for all
b. Exclusive rights for pharmaceutical companies
c. Higher drug prices
d. Drug imports
Answer: a
In 2010, which initiative provided universal health coverage and access to quality health care for all Filipinos?
a. FOURmula One (F1) for Health
b. Kalusugang Pangkalahatan
c. Generics Act (RA 6675)
d. Universally Accessible Cheaper and Quality Medicines Act (RA 9502)
Answer: b
