LAB EXAM REVIEWER Flashcards
What were the three health-specific Millennium Development Goals (MDGs)?
Answer: Child health (MDG4), maternal health (MDG5), combating HIV/AIDS, malaria, and other diseases (MDG6).
When did the United Nations replace the MDGs with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)?
Answer: In September 2015.
What was the Maternal Mortality Ratio (MMR) in the Philippines as of 2015?
Answer: 204 mothers dying per 100,000 live births.
How many new cases of HIV/AIDS were being diagnosed daily in the Philippines as of 2015?
Answer: 25 new cases daily.
Which Millennium Development Goal (MDG) was the Philippines farthest from meeting?
Answer: MDG 5 - Improve Maternal Health.
Why is the incidence of HIV/AIDS on the rise in the Philippines?
Answer: Inappropriate and irrational use of anti-infective drugs.
What are some factors driving the spread of vector-borne diseases in the Philippines?
Answer: Urbanization, land-use changes, and climate change.
How do natural disasters impact public health in the Philippines?
Answer: Flooding contaminates drinking water, increasing the transmission of waterborne diseases.
What is the growing challenge related to antimicrobial resistance (AMR)?
Answer: Inappropriate and irrational use of anti-infective drugs in humans and animals.
Give an example of a health issue related to antimicrobial resistance in the Philippines.
Answer: Multi-drug resistant tuberculosis (MDR TB).
Which country has one of the best health systems in the world, providing quality, safe, and affordable healthcare?
Answer: Australia.
What are the primary care services delivered by in Australia?
Answer: General practitioners (GPs), medical specialists, and allied health workers.
Which system in Australia provides free or low-cost access to healthcare services?
Answer: Medicare and the public hospital system.
What is the role of private health insurance in Australia’s healthcare system?
Answer: It provides choice outside the public system, and individuals contribute toward the cost of healthcare.
What are the three major parts of Australia’s Medicare system?
Answer: Medical services, public hospitals, medicines.
What does the Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme (PBS) in Australia do?
Answer: It makes some prescription medicines cheaper.
How is Australia’s healthcare system funded?
Answer: By all levels of government, non-government organizations, private health insurers, and individuals.
What percentage of Australia’s gross domestic product is spent on healthcare?
Answer: About 10%.
Who funds most of the spending for community health services in Australia?
Answer: State and territory governments.
When was Japan’s health system founded, providing comprehensive coverage to all Japanese citizens?
Answer: 1961.
What is the main reason behind Japan’s universal health insurance system?
Answer: To provide comprehensive health coverage to all Japanese citizens.
How did the population in Japan change from 1980 to 2004?
Answer: It increased from 117 million to 128 million.
What was the significant event in the history of Japan’s Employee’s Health Insurance system?
Answer: The enactment of the Health Insurance Act of 1922.
What were the leading causes of mortality and morbidity in Japan?
Answer: Non-communicable diseases (NCDs).
What was the leading cause of death in Japan by the middle of the 20th century?
Answer: Tuberculosis (TB).
What are the two major chronic diseases in Japan?
Answer: Diabetes and hypertension.
What is a major risk factor for hypertension in Japan?
What is a major risk factor for hypertension in Japan?
How is healthcare expenditure in Canada primarily funded?
Answer: About 70% comes from general tax revenues of federal, provincial, and territorial governments.
Who is responsible for administering medicare and planning health services in Canada?
Answer: Provinces and territories.
What has been the trend in the number of acute care beds per capita in Canada?
Answer: It has continued to fall.
Who may provide illness prevention services, including disease screening, in Canada?
Answer: Family physicians, public health offices, or dedicated screening programs.
What has the medicare system in Canada been effective in doing?
Answer: Financially protecting Canadians against high-cost hospital and medical care.
What are the gaps in coverage under Canada’s medicare system?
Answer: It has a narrow scope of universal services.
