LESSON 2

Question 1

PROGRAM DEVELOPMENT CYCLE

Answer 1

1. Understanding the problem
2. Planning the Logic
3. Write the Code
4. Translate the Code
5. Test the program
6. Put the program into production
7. Maintain the program

Question 2

When you plan a program, you think of the output first. After you understand what the desired result is, you can plan what to input and process to achieve it.​

Answer 2

1. Understanding the problem

Question 3

The heart of the programming process lies in _________. During this phase of the process, the programmer plans the steps of the program, deciding what steps to include and how to order them.

Answer 3

2. Planning the logic

Question 4

You can plan the solution to a problem in many ways. The two most common planning tools are ________ and ________.

Answer 4

Flowcharts and Pseudocodes

Question 5

The programmer shouldn’t worry about the syntax of any particular language at this point, but should focus on figuring out what sequence of events will lead from the available input to the desired output.

Answer 5

2. Planning the logic

Question 6

is the sequence of steps necessary to solve any programming problem.​

Answer 6

Algorithm

Question 7

After the logic is developed, only then can the programmer write the program. Despite their differences, programming languages are quite alike in their basic capabilities.​

Answer 7

3. Write the Code

Question 8

refers to the rules that define the structure of a language. _______ in computer programming means the rules that control the structure of the symbols, punctuation, and words of a programming language. ​

Answer 8

Syntax

Question 9

Even though there are many programming languages, each computer knows only one language: its machine language, which consists of 1s and 0s. Computers understand machine language because they are made up of thousands of tiny electrical switches, each of which can be set in either the on or off state, which is represented by a 1 or 0, respectively.​

Answer 9

​​​4. Translate the Code

Question 10

are mistakes in the source code, such as spelling and punctuation errors, incorrect labels, and so on, which cause an error message to be generated by the compiler.​

Answer 10

Syntax errors

Question 11

A program that is free of syntax errors is not necessarily free of logical errors.

Answer 11

5. Testing the Program

Question 12

results when you use a syntactically correct statement but use the wrong one for the current context.

Answer 12

logical error

Question 13

Once a program is free of syntax errors, the programmer can test it—that is, execute it with some sample data to see whether the results are logically correct. The process of finding and correcting program errors is called

Answer 13

debugging

Question 14

Once the program is tested adequately, it is ready for the organization to use. _______ might mean simply running the program once, if it was written to satisfy a user’s request for a special list.​

Answer 14

6. Put the program into production

Question 15

After programs are put into production, making necessary changes is called

Answer 15

maintenance

Question 16

After programs are put into production, making necessary changes is called maintenance. Maintenance can be required for many reasons: new tax rates are legislated, the format of an input file is altered, or the end user requires additional information not included in the original output specifications, to name a few.

Answer 16

​​7. Maintaining the program

Question 17

is an English-like representation of the logical steps it takes to solve a problem.

Answer 17

Pseudocode

Question 18

Pseudo is a prefix that means “______,” and to code a program means to put it in a programming language; therefore, pseudocode simply means?

Answer 18

False ; Falsecode

Question 19

sentences that appear to have been written in a computer programming language but do not necessarily follow all the syntax rules of any specific language.

Answer 19

Pseudocode or False code

Question 20

involves writing down all the steps you will use in a program. Usually, programmers preface their pseudocode with a beginning statement like start and end it with a terminating statement like stop.​

​

Answer 20

Pseudocode or False code

Question 21

When you create a ________, you draw geometric shapes that contain the individual statements and that are connected with arrows. ​

Answer 21

flowchart

Question 22

You use a __________ to represent an input symbol, which indicates an input operation.​

Answer 22

parallelogram

Question 23

Arithmetic operation statements are examples of processing. In a flowchart, you use a _______ as the processing symbol that contains a processing statement​

Answer 23

rectangle

Question 24

To represent an output statement, you use the same symbol as for input statements—the output symbol is

Answer 24

parallelogram

Question 25

To show the correct sequence of these statements, you use ____________ to connect the steps.

Answer 25

arrows, or flowlines

Question 26

To be complete, a flowchart should include two more elements:

Answer 26

terminal symbols, or start/stop symbols