LESSON 1 Flashcards
5 NU’s Core Values
Integrity
Compassion
Innovation
Resilience
Patriotism
Is an electronic device designed to manipulate data for useful information to be generated.
COMPUTER
CHARACTERISTICS OF THE COMPUTER
It is a machine - can only do things for which it was designed.
It is automatic - runs continuously once started
It is electronic - runs on electrical energy through its electronic components
It can manipulate data - following specific instructions, it can perform arithmetic functions, and can compare data.
It has memory - The ability to read instructions and can store these.
It has logic functions -can produce results after instructions were fed into it.
The actual machinery, the tangible parts of a computer system. (example: wires, transistors and circuits). Refers to the physical equipment or components of an electronic data processing system.
HARDWARE
Programs or data, and are the intangible parts of a computer system.
SOFTWARE
runs on electrical energy through its electronic components
It is electronic
CLASSIFICATION OF SOFTWARE
APPLICATION SOFTWARE
SYSTEM SOFTWARE
comprises all the programs you apply to a task — word-processing programs, spreadsheets, payroll and inventory programs, and even games.
APPLICATION SOFTWARE
comprises the programs that you use to manage your computer, including operating systems such as Windows, Linux, or UNIX for larger computers and Google Android and Apple iOS for smartphones
SYSTEM SOFTWARE
3 MAJOR OPERATIONS IN MOST PROGRAMS
INPUT
PROCESS
OUTPUT
Usually keyboard and mouse. The _________ device is the conduit through which data and instructions enter a computer.
INPUT
Processing data items may involve organizing or sorting them, checking them for accuracy, or performing calculations with them. The hardware component that performs these types of tasks is the central processing unit, or CPU.
PROCESS
After data items have been processed, the resulting information usually is sent to a printer, monitor, or some other output device so people can view, interpret, and use the results.
OUTPUT
is a set of instruction that the computer follows.
Program
is a standardized communication technique for expressing instructions to a computer. Example: Visual Basic, C++, C#, Java, Assembly Language
Programming Language (PL)
It does not require addressing hardware constraints when developing a program. However, every single program written in a high-level language must be interpreted into machine language before being executed by the computer. ___________ require the use of a compiler or an interpreter for their translation into the machine code.
HIGH LEVEL PL
a programming language that provides little or no abstraction of programming concepts and is very close to writing actual machine instructions.
Ex: Assembly Language, Machine Code
LOW LEVEL PL
developed by Dennis Ritchie at AT&T Bell Labs between 1969-1970.
C
C is developed by __________ at AT&T Bell Labs between _____ - ______
Dennis Ritchie ; 1969-70
developed by Bjarne Stroustrup at AT&T Bell Labs in 1983.
C++
C++ is developed by _________ at AT&T Bell Labs in ____.
Bjarne Stroustrup ; 1983
STEPS FOR C++ PROGRAM DEVT AND EXECUTION
EDITING
COMPILING
LINKING LIBRARY FILES
LOADING
EXECUTION
refers to the typing or writing the program in any text editor.
EDITING
But we want all the things in one place like writing the program, compiling, and executing it. This is achieved with the help of software that is known as _________. It integrated all the tasks that are required to run a program.
IDE (INTEGRATED DEVELOPMENT ENVIRONMENT)
converts the high-level code into machine-level language code and a new executable file with the name first.exe is generated and get stored in the hard disk.
Compiler
Every language has some built-in objects and functions that can be reused in any program. The built-in objects and functions are grouped inside libraries that can be included in programs as ________. These libraries and header files are linked with the code during compilation where the library code is also converted to an executable file along with the entire program.
Header files
To execute the program code, the code must be brought to the main memory from the secondary memory.
Loading
As soon as the program gets loaded in the main memory in different sections as given below, the program execution starts. The execution of the program starts from the first line of the main function.
Execution
MAIN MEMORY MANAGEMENT:
Code Section
Stack section of the code
Heap
The entire machine-level code is copied to the code section of the main memory. All the arrangements that are called relocations are done here and it is done by the operating system.
Code Section
All the variables (that are used for storing the data values) are stored in the _______.
Stack section of the code
It stores the dynamically allocated variables, the variable that is allocated during the run time of the program
Heap
contain a set of predefined standard library functions.
Header files
A declarative region that provides a scope to the identifiers (the names of types, functions, variables, etc) inside it.
Namespace
is a special function in all C++ programs; it is the function called when the program is run. The execution of all C++ programs begins with the ___________
Main function (Main Method)
is enclosed between curly braces. The program statements are written within the brackets.
Body of the function
The body of the function is enclosed between
Curly braces
Each statement must end by a ________, without which an error message in generated.
semicolon
means success and returning a non-zero number means failure.
Return 0 (zero)
