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CCP 6 LEC > Lesson 1A: Overview of Human Physiology and Pathophysiology > Flashcards

Lesson 1A: Overview of Human Physiology and Pathophysiology Flashcards

1
Q

Studies the structure (morphology; Gr.
Morphos – shape or form) of body parts
and their relationships.

A

Anatomy

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2
Q

meaning of Greek prefix ana-

A

“up”

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3
Q

meaning of Greek tome

A

“cutting”

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4
Q

a Belgian Physician who is considered as the Father of Anatomy

A

Andreas Vesalius

(1514-1564)

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5
Q

7-volume collection of anatomic drawings by Vesalius in 1543

A

De Humani Corporis Fabrica

“On The Workings of the Human Body”

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6
Q

study of larger anatomical structures that CAN be seen with the naked eye

A

Gross or Macroscopic Anatomy

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7
Q

two general approaches of Gross or Macroscopic Anatomy

A
  1. Regional Anatomy
  2. Systemic Anatomy
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8
Q

study of internal structures as they relate to the overlying skin surface

A

Surface Anatomy

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9
Q

examples of anatomic landmarks in surface anatomy

A
  1. Sternal Angle or Angle of Louis
  2. Spinous process of 7th cervical vertebra (C-7)
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10
Q

how do you find the Sternal Angle or Angle of Louis?

A

locate the bump where the 2nd pair of ribs are attached; located at the top of the heart

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11
Q

how do you find the 7th cervical vertebra (C-7)?

A

locate the prominent bump, next 2 spine – location at the top of the heart at the back side

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12
Q

study the structures that CANNOT be seen with the naked eye and can ONLY be viewed with a microscope

A

Microscopic Anatomy

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13
Q

2 subdivisions of Microscopic Anatomy

A
  1. Cytology
  2. Histology
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14
Q

traces structural changes that occur in the
body throughout the life span

A

Developmental Anatomy

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15
Q

concerns developmental changes that occur
BEFORE birth

A

Embryology

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16
Q

Exact terms are used for

A
  • Position
  • Direction
  • Regions
  • Structures
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17
Q

Person stands erect with feet together
and eyes forward

A

Anatomical Position

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18
Q

palms in anatomical position

A

palms face anteriorly with thumbs
pointed AWAY from the body

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19
Q

Right and left always refers to ____

A

sides belonging to the person or specimen being viewed – NEVER to the viewer

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20
Q

Four legged animals have a different anatomical
position than humans.

A

Their ventral is on the inferior side and dorsal is on the superior side.

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21
Q

human anatomical
position

A

ventral and anterior are the same and so are dorsal
and posterior

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22
Q

Regional Terms

A
  • Anterior
  • Posterior
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23
Q

Directional Terms

A
  • Superior (cranial or cephalad)
  • Inferior (caudal)
  • Ventral (anterior)
  • Dorsal (posterior)
  • Medial
  • Lateral
  • Intermediate
  • Proximal
  • Distal
  • Superficial
  • Deep
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24
Q

toward the head end or upper part of a structure or the body; above

A

Superior (cranial or cephalad)

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25
Q

away from the head end or toward the lower part of a structure the body; below

A

Inferior (caudal)

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26
Q

toward or at the front of the body;
in front of

A

Ventral (anterior)

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27
Q

toward or at the backside of the body; behind

A

Dorsal (posterior)

28
Q

toward or at the midline of the body; on the inner side of

A

Medial

29
Q

away from the midline of the body; on the outer side of the body

A

Lateral

30
Q

between a more medial and a more lateral structure

A

Intermediate

31
Q

close to the origin of the body part or point of attachment to a limb to the body trunk

A

Proximal

32
Q

farther from the origin of a body
part or the point of attachment
of a limb to the body trunk

A

Distal

33
Q

toward or at the body
surface

A

Superficial

34
Q

away from the body
surface; more internal

A

Deep

35
Q

an imaginary line drawn
through the body which
separates it into sections

A

Body Planes

36
Q

divides the body into
right and left sides

A

Sagittal Plane

37
Q

divides the body into front and back section

A

Coronal Plane

38
Q

divides the body into
sections above and below the midline

A

Transverse Plane

39
Q

primary body cavities in human anatomy

A
  • Dorsal Body Cavity
  • Ventral Body Cavity
40
Q

under dorsal body cavity

A
  • Cranial cavity
  • Spinal cavity
41
Q

under ventral body cavity

A
  • Thoracic cavity
  • Abdominopelvic cavity
42
Q

cavity that houses the brain; within the rigid skull, contains the brain.

A

Cranial Cavity

43
Q

runs within the bony
vertebral column, protects
the spinal cord

A

Spinal Cavity

44
Q

Divisions of the Spinal Cord

A
  • Cervical vertebrae
  • Thoracic vertebrae
  • Lumbar vertebrae
  • Sacrum
45
Q

under thoracic cavity

A
  • Pleural Cavity
  • Mediastinum
  • Pericardial Cavity
46
Q

under abdominal cavity

A
  • stomach
  • intestines
  • liver, etc.

contains digestive viscera

47
Q

under pelvic cavity

A
  • urinary bladder
  • reproductive organs
  • rectum
48
Q

houses heart, lungs, and
others

A

Thoracic Cavity

49
Q

houses digestive
system and most urinary system organs

A

Abdominopelvic Cavity

50
Q

Abdominopelvic
Quadrants

A
  • Right upper
  • Right lower
  • Left upper
  • Left lower
51
Q

9 Abdominopelvic Regions

A
  1. Right Hypochondriac Region
  2. Left Hypochondriac Region
  3. Right Lumbar Region
  4. Left Lumbar Region
  5. Right Iliac (Inguinal) Region
  6. Left liac (Inguinal) Region
  7. Epigastric Region
  8. Umbilical Region
  9. Hypogastric (Pubic) Region
52
Q

lines internal body walls

A

Parietal Serosa

53
Q

covers the internal organs

A

Visceral Serosa

54
Q

separates the serosae

A

Serous Fluid

55
Q

ventral body cavities membranes

A

Serous Membranes or Serosa

56
Q

organs found at the right hypochondriac region

A

liver, gallblader

57
Q

organ found at the right lumbar region

A

ascending colon of large intestine

58
Q

organs found at the right ilian (inguinal) region

A

cecum, appendix

59
Q

organs found at the left hypochondriac region

A

diaphragm, spleen

60
Q

organ found at the left lumbar region

A

descending colon of large intestine

61
Q

organ found at the left iliac (inguinal) region

A

initial part of sigmoid colon

62
Q

organ found at the epigastric region

A

stomach

63
Q

organ found at the umbilical region

A

small intestine

64
Q

organ found at the hypogastric (pubic) region

A

urinary bladder

65
Q

meaning of Greek word morphos

A

shape or form

CCP 6 LEC (4 decks)

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