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CCP 6 LEC > Lesson 1A: Overview of Human Physiology and Pathophysiology > Flashcards

Lesson 1A: Overview of Human Physiology and Pathophysiology Flashcards

1
Q

Studies the structure (morphology; Gr.
Morphos – shape or form) of body parts
and their relationships.

A

Anatomy

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2
Q

meaning of Greek prefix ana-

A

“up”

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3
Q

meaning of Greek tome

A

“cutting”

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4
Q

a Belgian Physician who is considered as the Father of Anatomy

A

Andreas Vesalius

(1514-1564)

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5
Q

7-volume collection of anatomic drawings by Vesalius in 1543

A

De Humani Corporis Fabrica

“On The Workings of the Human Body”

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6
Q

study of larger anatomical structures that CAN be seen with the naked eye

A

Gross or Macroscopic Anatomy

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7
Q

two general approaches of Gross or Macroscopic Anatomy

A
  1. Regional Anatomy
  2. Systemic Anatomy
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8
Q

study of internal structures as they relate to the overlying skin surface

A

Surface Anatomy

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9
Q

examples of anatomic landmarks in surface anatomy

A
  1. Sternal Angle or Angle of Louis
  2. Spinous process of 7th cervical vertebra (C-7)
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10
Q

how do you find the Sternal Angle or Angle of Louis?

A

locate the bump where the 2nd pair of ribs are attached; located at the top of the heart

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11
Q

how do you find the 7th cervical vertebra (C-7)?

A

locate the prominent bump, next 2 spine – location at the top of the heart at the back side

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12
Q

study the structures that CANNOT be seen with the naked eye and can ONLY be viewed with a microscope

A

Microscopic Anatomy

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13
Q

2 subdivisions of Microscopic Anatomy

A
  1. Cytology
  2. Histology
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14
Q

traces structural changes that occur in the
body throughout the life span

A

Developmental Anatomy

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15
Q

concerns developmental changes that occur
BEFORE birth

A

Embryology

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16
Q

Exact terms are used for

A
  • Position
  • Direction
  • Regions
  • Structures
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17
Q

Person stands erect with feet together
and eyes forward

A

Anatomical Position

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18
Q

palms in anatomical position

A

palms face anteriorly with thumbs
pointed AWAY from the body

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19
Q

Right and left always refers to ____

A

sides belonging to the person or specimen being viewed – NEVER to the viewer

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20
Q

Four legged animals have a different anatomical
position than humans.

A

Their ventral is on the inferior side and dorsal is on the superior side.

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21
Q

human anatomical
position

A

ventral and anterior are the same and so are dorsal
and posterior

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22
Q

Regional Terms

A
  • Anterior
  • Posterior
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23
Q

Directional Terms

A
  • Superior (cranial or cephalad)
  • Inferior (caudal)
  • Ventral (anterior)
  • Dorsal (posterior)
  • Medial
  • Lateral
  • Intermediate
  • Proximal
  • Distal
  • Superficial
  • Deep
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24
Q

toward the head end or upper part of a structure or the body; above

A

Superior (cranial or cephalad)

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25
away from the head end or toward the lower part of a structure the body; below
**Inferior (caudal)**
26
toward or at the front of the body; in front of
**Ventral (anterior)**
27
toward or at the backside of the body; behind
**Dorsal (posterior)**
28
toward or at the midline of the body; on the inner side of
**Medial**
29
away from the midline of the body; on the outer side of the body
**Lateral**
30
between a more medial and a more lateral structure
**Intermediate**
31
close to the origin of the body part or point of attachment to a limb to the body trunk
**Proximal**
32
farther from the origin of a body part or the point of attachment of a limb to the body trunk
**Distal**
33
toward or at the body surface
**Superficial**
34
away from the body surface; more internal
**Deep**
35
an imaginary line drawn through the body which separates it into sections
**Body Planes**
36
divides the body into **right** and **left** sides
**Sagittal Plane**
37
divides the body into **front** and **back** section
**Coronal Plane**
38
divides the body into sections **above and below the midline**
**Transverse Plane**
39
primary body cavities in human anatomy
* Dorsal Body Cavity * Ventral Body Cavity
40
under dorsal body cavity
* Cranial cavity * Spinal cavity
41
under ventral body cavity
* Thoracic cavity * Abdominopelvic cavity
42
cavity that houses the brain; within the rigid skull, contains the brain.
**Cranial Cavity**
43
runs within the bony vertebral column, protects the spinal cord
**Spinal Cavity**
44
Divisions of the Spinal Cord
* Cervical vertebrae * Thoracic vertebrae * Lumbar vertebrae * Sacrum
45
under thoracic cavity
* Pleural Cavity * Mediastinum * Pericardial Cavity
46
under abdominal cavity
* stomach * intestines * liver, etc. | contains digestive viscera
47
under pelvic cavity
* urinary bladder * reproductive organs * rectum
48
houses heart, lungs, and others
**Thoracic Cavity**
49
houses digestive system and most urinary system organs
**Abdominopelvic Cavity**
50
Abdominopelvic Quadrants
* Right upper * Right lower * Left upper * Left lower
51
9 Abdominopelvic Regions
1. Right Hypochondriac Region 2. Left Hypochondriac Region 3. Right Lumbar Region 4. Left Lumbar Region 5. Right Iliac (Inguinal) Region 6. Left liac (Inguinal) Region 7. Epigastric Region 8. Umbilical Region 9. Hypogastric (Pubic) Region
52
lines internal body walls
**Parietal Serosa**
53
covers the internal organs
**Visceral Serosa**
54
separates the serosae
**Serous Fluid**
55
ventral body cavities membranes
**Serous Membranes** or **Serosa**
56
organs found at the right hypochondriac region
liver, gallblader
57
organ found at the right lumbar region
ascending colon of large intestine
58
organs found at the right ilian (inguinal) region
cecum, appendix
59
organs found at the left hypochondriac region
diaphragm, spleen
60
organ found at the left lumbar region
descending colon of large intestine
61
organ found at the left iliac (inguinal) region
initial part of sigmoid colon
62
organ found at the epigastric region
stomach
63
organ found at the umbilical region
small intestine
64
organ found at the hypogastric (pubic) region
urinary bladder
65
meaning of Greek word *morphos*
**shape** or **form**

CCP 6 LEC (4 decks)

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