Lesson 18 Grammar Flashcards

1
Q

Pres. Perfect Tense

A

I have done/ have been; I have …..ed

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2
Q

म / मैले past stem + एको छु / छैन

A

I have done / have been

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3
Q

म Indiaमा गएको छु, तर Chinaमा गएको छैन.

A

I have been to India, but I have not been to China.

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4
Q

तपाई (ले) = inf. + भएको छ / छैन

A

you (formal) have done / have been

have not done / not been

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5
Q

हामि (ले) = past stem + एका छौ / छैनौ

A

we have done / have been (nasal ending)

have not done / have not been

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6
Q

तिमि (ले) = past stem + एका छौ / छैनौ

A

you (informal

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7
Q

उ / यो / त्यो = past stem + एको छ / छैन

A

he / this / that

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8
Q

उनीहरु = past stem + एका छन् / छैनन्

A

they

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9
Q

PAST Perfect Tense

A

Just change “ छ “ to “ थियो “

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10
Q

1st Per. Sg. Past Perf. Tense

A

म गएको थिए (nasal)

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11
Q

When 2 things occur at the same time in the past, use PAST Perf. tense (a time ref. is needed)

A

हिजो तपाई मेरो घरमा आउदा (खेरि), म बजारमा गएको थिए .

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12
Q

हिजो म फिलिम हेर्न गएको थिए तर फिलिम हल बन्द थियो

A

Yesterday I had gone to watch a film, but the film hall was closed.

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13
Q

past stem + एको वेला

A

when . . . (any tense)

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14
Q

म Indiaमा गएको वेला, mobile किन्छु .

A

When I go to India I will buy a mobile.

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15
Q

Pres. Perf. tense is sometimes used w/Pres. tense meaning. मैले वहालाई चिनेको छु .

A

I know him/her.

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16
Q

Pres. Perf. tense is sometimes used w/Pres. tense meaning. बच्चा सुतेको छ

A

the baby is sleeping

17
Q

pres. stem + न लाग्नु

A

about to do something (laagnu is never in pres. tense)

18
Q

pres. stem + न लाग्नु in simple past tense = present tense meaning. म जान लागे

A

I am about to go.

19
Q

pres. stem + न लाग्नु in Pres. Perf. tense = also pres. tense meaning. म जान लागेको छु .

A

I am about to go.

20
Q

pres. stem + न लाग्नु in PAST Perf. tense = past tense meaning. म जान लागेको थिए

A

I WAS about to go.

21
Q

खान लागेको बेला

A

when I am/was/will be about to eat

22
Q

खान लाग्दा (खेरि)

A

when I was about to eat

23
Q

तपाई के खान लाग्नू भयो ?

A

What are you about to eat? (formal तपाई)

24
Q

तपाई के खान लाग्नू भएको ?

A

What are you about to eat? (informal तपाई)

25
Q

तिमि के खान लागेको ?

A

What are you about to eat? (तिमि )