lesson 17a Flashcards
Name the two major parts of the pitot-static system:
pitot tube (impact pressure chamber and lines) static air vents (static pressure chamber and lines)
The pitot static system provides the sources of air pressure for the operation of the following instruments:
altimeter, vertical speed indicator, airspeed indicator
Pitot Tube
the source of impact pressure; connected to the airspeed indicator
Static Air Vents
the source of external atmospheric pressure; connected to the altimeter, vertical speed, air speed
____ displays height of the aircraft above a given level.
Altimeter
The _______ within the altimeter, expands and contracts with pressure changes and displays altitude changes accordingly.
aneroid wafer
What are altimeter settings measured in? and What is the standard setting?
measured in inches of mercury; standard setting is 29.92 inches or mercury
When flying from higher pressure to lower pressure, the altimeter reads ________ than the actual altitude of the aircraft.
a higher altitude
When flying from lower pressure to higher pressure, the altimeter reads ______ than the actual altitude of the aircraft.
a lower altitude
Vertical Speed Indicator (VSI)
measures the rate of climb or descent in hundreds of feet per minute; gives immediate indication of changes in altitude (up or down); utilizes static pressure only
Airspeed Indicator
measures the indicated airspeed (impact pressure, the difference between pitot and static pressures) in knots
What is the only instrument that uses the pitot tube for information?
airspeed indicator
True airspeed and indicated airspeed are ______ at sea level.
equal
________ becomes less than True airspeed as altitude increases.
Indicated airspeed
The _______ is used to tell the pilot the aircraft’s heading in relation to magnetic north.
magnetic compass
What is the only self contained direction seeking instrument in the aircraft?
magnetic compass
Name the two types of compass error:
Variation and Deviation
________ is the angular difference between true north and the direction indicated by the magnetic compass.
Variation
________ is a magnetic compass error caused by electromagnetic interference within the aircraft.
Deviation
What instruments use the properties of a gyroscope for their operation?
turn coordinator; heading indicator (directional gyro); attitude indicator
Vacuum or pressure systems provide power for what instruments?
heading and attitude indicator
The electrical system provides the power for the ________.
turn coordinator
Name the two fundamental properties of gyroscopic action:
rigidity in space; precession
Describe rigidity in space.
Newton’s First Law of Motion “A body at rest will remain at rest; or if in motion in a straight line, it will continue in a straight line unless acted upon by an outside force.”
Describe precession.
the deflection of a spinning wheel when a force is applied; the resultant force is 90 degrees ahead in the direction of rotation and in the direction of the applied force
The _____ shows the yaw and roll of the aircraft around the vertical and longitudinal axes.
turn coordinator
What two instruments compose the turn coordinator?
rate-of-turn indicator; inclinometer
What is the standard rate of turn for an aircraft?
3 degrees per second
Does the rate of turn coordinator indicate the actual bank angle of the aircraft? If not, what does it indicate?
no, it indicates the rate of turn (mini plane in instrument banks in the direction of the turn)
The inclinometer of the turn coordinator indicates __________.
the coordination of aileron and rudder (indicates whether the airplane is in coordinated flight or is in a skid or slip)
How long would it take an aircraft to complete a 360 degree turn if they are using the standard 3 degree rate of turn?
2 minutes
The ____________ is a mechanical instrument designed to facilitate the use of the magnetic compass.
heading indicator/directional gyro
Is the heading indicator a direction seeking instrument?
No (the magnetic compass is)
The ________ displays a picture of the pitch and bank attitudes of the airplane.
attitude indicator
What does the scale at the top of the attitude indicator indicates?
degree of bank
What is the most reliable and the most realistic flight instrument on the instrument panel?
attitude indicator
List the navigational instruments a pilot uses to determine position, course and distance traveled:
ADF, VOR instrument, ILS receiving equipment, RMI, HIS, DME, GPS
The ______ is used to navigate using NDBs
Automatic Direction Finder (ADF)
Describe how an ADF works
needle rotates around the dial and points to the station to which the receiver is tuned, indicating the bearing to the station
VOR Instrument
presents information to indicate bearing TO or FROM the station
What does a VOR Instrument consist of?
Omnibearing Selector (OBS), Course deviation indicator needle, TO-FROM indicator, Navigation frequency tuner
What is ILS receiving equipment used for?
used to make on ILS approach
The _______ indicates, by deflection, whether the aircraft is right or left of the localizer centerline, regardless of the position or heading of the aircraft.
localizer needle
Deflection of the _____ indicates the position of the aircraft with respect to the glide path.
glide slope needle
What instrument is designed to receive both VOR and NDB signals?
Radio Magnetic Indicator (RMI)
Name the 3 components of an RMI:
Rotating Compass Card, Double barred bearing indicator, single barred bearing indicator
The Horizontal Situation Indicator (HSi) is a combination of what three instruments?
Heading Indicator, VOR/LOC indicator, Glide Slope indicator
The DME transmits an interrogating signal which is received by the ___________ at the ground facility.
DME transponder antenna
The __________ provides accurate position, speed and precise time information on a continuous global basis, reported in latitude and longitude.
Global Positioning System (GPS)
The VOR course deviation needle indicates the aircraft’s position in relation to the selected ___________.
radial
The range displayed on the DME indicator is called _______ range.
slant
NAV/COM
incorporates NAVigation and COMmunications radios in one unit
What is used to set beacon codes assigned by ATC?
transponder
Discrete Codes
codes that are assigned only to one aircraft for identification purposes
When a transponder is set on what setting, the MODE C is activated and a secondary radar will receive altitude information?
“ALT”
T/F: Transponder codes consist of 4 numbers, ranging from zero to seven
TRUE
Flight Management System
a computer system that uses a large database to allow routes to be preprogrammed and fed into the system by means of a data loader; incorporating all primary flight instruments into a single visual presentation
Engine Indicating and Crew Alerting System (EICAS)
provides digital readouts of engine operating data such as fuel flow and temps, also to alert pilots when individual engine parameters are exceeded
Multifunction Display (MFD)
multipurpose computer and can be used as a backup for the other displays in addition to providing route planning, checklists, weather info and schematic diagrams of a/c systems for troubleshooting or emergency
What does the Primary Flight Display (PFD) replace?
attitude indicator, altimeter, radar altimeter, airspeed indicator, and glide slope indicator
The PFD can be configured in the ______ configuration or the ______ configuration.
approach; cruise
Traffic Alert and Collision Avoidance System (TCAS)
self contained, airborne collision avoidance system that is intended to provide a backup for the separation services provided by ATC in order to prevent near mid air or mid air collisions
TCAS I
generates traffic advisories
TCAS II
generates traffic advisories and resolution (collision avoidance) advisories in the vertical plane
What 3 functions does the TCAS consist of?
surveillance; Collision Avoidance System (CAS) algorithms; air to air coordination using the data link provided by the Mode S Transponder
What are the 2 levels of alerting with TCAS?
Traffic Advisories (TA) issued 45 secs prior to the Closest Point of Approach (CPA); Resolution Advisories (RA) issued 30 secs prior to CPA (TCAS II only)
Any pilot who deviates from an ATC clearance in response to a TCAS II RA shall notify ATC of that deviation _________ and expeditiously return to the current ATC clearance when the traffic conflight is resolved.
as soon as practicable
When an aircraft under your control jurisdiction informs you that it is responding to a TCAS RA, ______________ control instructions that are contrary to the RA.
do not issue
Hypoxia
occurs when the oxygen available to body tissues is insufficient to meet their needs (greatest risk occurs as a result of ascent to altitude with its associated fall in ambient pressure)
List some symptoms of Hypoxia:
slow reactions; impaired thinking; unusual fatigue; pilot sounds intoxicated and may reflect carefree, humorous attitude
Hyperventilation
occurs when there is an abnormal increase in the volume of air breather in and out of the lungs
List some symptoms of Hyperventilation:
dizziness; nausea; drowsiness
Spatial disorientation (vertigo)
loss of proper bearings; state of mental confusion as to position, location, or movement relative to the position of the earth
Name the 2 types of Spatial disorientation:
“Leans” a/c straight and level but pilot feels compelled to lean into an imaginary turn; “Coriolis Illusion” pilot in a turn makes a sudden head movement
