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Block 3 > Lesson 15. Basic Navigation > Flashcards

Lesson 15. Basic Navigation Flashcards

1
Q

Meridians of longitude run _______.

A

North and south

- connect the earths poles

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2
Q

How many parallels of latitude are there?

A

1; the equator

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3
Q

What are the places where meridians and parallels cross called?

A

Coordinates

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4
Q

1 minute of ______ is equal to 1 nm.

A

latitude

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5
Q

1 minute of longitude is equal to 1nm only where?

A

At the equator

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6
Q

How many minutes are there in 1 degree of latitude?

A

60

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7
Q

A ________ is the shortest distance between two points on a sphere.

A

Great circle route

– most direct; crosses every meridian at a different angle

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8
Q

A _______ is a line which makes the same angle with each meridian of longitude, and is longer than a great circle route.

A

Rhumb line

– a/c holds a constant heading; requires more fuel and time; easier to navigate

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9
Q

1 NM = ___ SM

A

1.15 statute miles

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10
Q

1 SM = ___ NM

A

0.87 NM

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11
Q

Coordinated Universal Time (utc)

A

Local standard time at Greenwich, England

  • “Zulu” time
  • eliminates confusion caused by diff local times
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12
Q

How many time zones is the earth divided into? How wide are each?

A
  • 24 standard time zones beginning at 0* longitude

- each zone is 15* of longitude wide starting at the prime meridian

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13
Q

What speed is shown on the aircrafts airspeed indicator?

A

Indicated airspeed (ias)

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14
Q

What speed is relative to u disturbed air mass and is used in flight planning and en route portion of flight?

A

True airspeed (tas)

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15
Q

Ground speed (gs)

A

True airspeed corrected for wind

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16
Q

Mach number (Mach)

A

Ratio of true airspeed to the speed of sound, expressed in decimal form

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17
Q

Parallels of latitude run ________.

A

East and west

18
Q

Indicated airspeed _____ with ______ in altitude and temperature.

A

Decreases; increases

19
Q

At high altitudes an aircrafts indicated airspeed is significantly ______ lower than its true airspeed.

A

Lower

20
Q

Recall the finger formula for:
D = distance
S = speed
T = time

A

D
________________
S / T

21
Q

_______ is a mass of air moving over the earths surface in a definite direction.

A

Wind

  • stated in direction it is blowing from, and velocity in knots
22
Q

Which does wind affect, true airspeed or ground speed?

A

Wind affects ground speed.

  • increased by tailwind
  • reduced by headwind
23
Q

What does crosswind affect?

A

Speed and direction

24
Q

________ represents the intended path of aircraft over the earths surface.

A

True course

25
Q

_________ is the actual path that the aircraft has flown over the earths surface.

A

Track

26
Q

Drift angle

A

What any free object will do as the air moves downwind with the speed of the wind

(Angle between true course and track)

27
Q

________ is true course (tc) corrected for wind drift.

A

True heading

  • TC +- WCA = TH
  • controllers responsibility to compensate for wind speed and direction when formulating estimates and issuing radar vectors
28
Q

________ is the angular difference between true north and magnetic north; measured in degrees from true north.

A

Variation

29
Q

________ connect points of equal difference between true and magnetic north.

A

Isogonic lines

30
Q

______ connects points of zero variation; only one.

A

Agonic line

31
Q

_______ is true heading (th) corrected for variation.

A

Magnetic heading (mh)

TH +- VAR = MH

32
Q

For East variation, ________ degrees of variation.

For West variation, ________ degrees of variation.

A

Subtract. ( east is least)

Add. (West is best)

33
Q

Deviation

A

The error of a magnetic compass due to magnetic influences in the structure and equipment of the aircraft.

Results from electrical circuits, engine and other magnetized parts.

34
Q

________ is the magnetic heading (mh) corrected for deviation.

A

Compass heading (ch)

MH +- DEV = CH

35
Q

What is the full formula to get from true course (tc) to compass heading(ch)?

A

TC +- WCA = TH +- VAR = MH +- DEV = CH

36
Q

_______ is navigation of an airplane solely by means of computations based on airspeed, course, heading, wind direction, and speed, ground speed, and elapsed time.

A

Dead reckoning

37
Q

________ is the determination of position by identification of landmarks from their representation on a chart.

A

Pilotage

  • useful only in VFR WEATHER
38
Q

________ is a method of determining and maintaining a desired course or determining an aircrafts position by use of radio navigation aids on the ground.

A

Radio navigation

  • all ground based
39
Q

What are the advantages and disadvantages of radio navigation?

A

advantages:
- all weather navigation capability
- allows instrument approaches and landings at night and during bad weather

Disadvantages:
- relies on aircraft and ground equipment that is subject to malfunction and interference

40
Q

__________ is a method of navigation which permits aircraft operation on any desired flight path within the coverage of ground or space based navigation aids or within the limits of the capability of self contained aids, or a combination of these

A

Area navigation (RNAV)

  • pilot doesn’t need to fly over ground based equipment and can get a direct course using waypoints
41
Q

Satellite navigation

A

GPS allows anyone with a proper receiver to determine his position instantaneously with near pinpoint accuracy.

42
Q

How many satellites operate for GPS and what are the advantages?

A

24 operational satellites

Advantages:

  • provides accurate info 24 hrs a day
  • unaffected by the weather

Block 3 (7 decks)

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