LESSON 17 (Membranes, Muscle and Nervous Tissue) Flashcards
what are the 2 primary tissue type that membranes are composed of?
1) epithelium
2) connective tissue proper layer
what are the four types of membranes?
1) Mucous Membrane
2) Serous Membrane
3) Cutaneous membranes
4) Synovial membrane (lacks epithelium)
what does mucosa indicates?
indicates location
what are mucosae?
- aka mucous membranes
- they are wet membranes that line body cavities which opens from the outside of the body
- they are bathed by secretions
-they also secrete mucous
what are mucous membrane/ mucosae made of?
- stratified squamous
- simple columnar epithelia
over a thin layer of areolar connective tissue called lamina propria
which part of the body does the Mucous Membrane line?
Lines body cavities that open TO THE OUTSIDE
ex) gastrointestinal tract
what are serous membrane?
- aka serosae
- they are moist membranes within closed ventral body cavities
what does the serous membrane consist of?
- simple squamous epithelium which rest on a thin layer of loose connective (areolar) tissue
which part of the body does the parietal serosae line?
the internal body cavity walls
what does the visceral serosae cover?
the internal organs
what is the cavity between layers filled with?
Serous fluid
which part of the body does the Serous Membrane line?
Cavities that do not open directly to he outside
ex) visceral, and parietal pleura of lungs
What does Cutaneous Membranes/ skin consists of?
- stratified squamous epithelium over areolar connective
tissue and dense irregular connective tissue (dermis).
what are Synovial membranes?
a specialized connective tissue
which part of the body does the Synovial Membrane line?
lines the synovial (JOINTS) cavities
what is the function of Synovial Membranes?
secrete synovial fluid thus lubricating and supporting bones that move
what does Synovial membranes lack?
epithelium
what are muscle tissue and its function?
a highly cellular, well-vascularied tissue that is responsible for movement
what do muscle cells have
myofilaments
what are myofilaments made up of and what are they responsible for?
made up of actin and myosin proteins that are responsible for contraction
what are the 3 kinds of muscle?
1) skeletal muscle
2) smooth muscle
3) cardiac muscle
out of the 3 kinds of muscle which muscle is voluntary?
skeletal
out of the 3 kinds of muscle which muscle is involuntary?
cardiac and smooth muscle
what is a skeletal muscle and where can you find it?
skeletal muscles are also known as muscle fibres. It is attached to the skeleton
what is skeletal muscle composed of?
long, cylindrical, multinucleate cells
what are smooth muscle and where can they be found?
they are unstriated, small, uninucleate and spindle-shaped. found in the walls of hallow organs
what are cardiac muscle and where can they be found?
they are striated, uninucleate and branched. can be found only in the heart
what does the cardiac muscle have?
intercalated discs where cardiac cells are joined
what does neurons specialize in?
generating and conducting electrical impulses
what does neuroglia specialize in?
to support, insulate and protect the neurons
what are the two ways tissue repair occurs?
regeneration and fibrosis
what happens to damaged cells during regeneration?
damaged cells are replaced with the SAME TYPE OF CELL
what happens to damaged cells during fibrosis?
damaged cells are replaced with FIBROUS CONNECTIVE TISSUE
what are the 3 steps to tissue repair
1) inflammation
2) organization
3) regeneration/fibrosis
what happens during inflammation?
- prepares the area for repair
- by dilating blood vessels and increasing in blood vessel permeability
- chemicals are released by the damaged tissue
- scabbing and clotting happens
what happens during organization?
- replaces the blood clot with granulation tissue
- restore blood supply
what happens during regeneration/fibrosis?
- restore tissue
- scab detaches as fibrous tissue mature
- epithelium thickens and begins to resemble adjacent tissue
what does scar tissue causes?
- organs lose volume capacity
- blocks substance from moving through organ
- interfere with ability of muscles to contract or impair nerve transmissions
