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A&P FALL TERM EXAM 1 > LESSON 17 (Membranes, Muscle and Nervous Tissue) > Flashcards

LESSON 17 (Membranes, Muscle and Nervous Tissue) Flashcards

1
Q

what are the 2 primary tissue type that membranes are composed of?

A

1) epithelium
2) connective tissue proper layer

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2
Q

what are the four types of membranes?

A

1) Mucous Membrane
2) Serous Membrane
3) Cutaneous membranes
4) Synovial membrane (lacks epithelium)

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3
Q

what does mucosa indicates?

A

indicates location

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4
Q

what are mucosae?

A
  • aka mucous membranes
  • they are wet membranes that line body cavities which opens from the outside of the body
  • they are bathed by secretions
    -they also secrete mucous
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5
Q

what are mucous membrane/ mucosae made of?

A
  • stratified squamous
  • simple columnar epithelia
    over a thin layer of areolar connective tissue called lamina propria
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6
Q

which part of the body does the Mucous Membrane line?

A

Lines body cavities that open TO THE OUTSIDE
ex) gastrointestinal tract

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7
Q

what are serous membrane?

A
  • aka serosae
  • they are moist membranes within closed ventral body cavities
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8
Q

what does the serous membrane consist of?

A
  • simple squamous epithelium which rest on a thin layer of loose connective (areolar) tissue
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9
Q

which part of the body does the parietal serosae line?

A

the internal body cavity walls

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10
Q

what does the visceral serosae cover?

A

the internal organs

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11
Q

what is the cavity between layers filled with?

A

Serous fluid

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12
Q

which part of the body does the Serous Membrane line?

A

Cavities that do not open directly to he outside
ex) visceral, and parietal pleura of lungs

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13
Q

What does Cutaneous Membranes/ skin consists of?

A
  • stratified squamous epithelium over areolar connective
    tissue and dense irregular connective tissue (dermis).
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14
Q

what are Synovial membranes?

A

a specialized connective tissue

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15
Q

which part of the body does the Synovial Membrane line?

A

lines the synovial (JOINTS) cavities

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16
Q

what is the function of Synovial Membranes?

A

secrete synovial fluid thus lubricating and supporting bones that move

17
Q

what does Synovial membranes lack?

A

epithelium

18
Q

what are muscle tissue and its function?

A

a highly cellular, well-vascularied tissue that is responsible for movement

19
Q

what do muscle cells have

A

myofilaments

20
Q

what are myofilaments made up of and what are they responsible for?

A

made up of actin and myosin proteins that are responsible for contraction

21
Q

what are the 3 kinds of muscle?

A

1) skeletal muscle
2) smooth muscle
3) cardiac muscle

22
Q

out of the 3 kinds of muscle which muscle is voluntary?

A

skeletal

23
Q

out of the 3 kinds of muscle which muscle is involuntary?

A

cardiac and smooth muscle

24
Q

what is a skeletal muscle and where can you find it?

A

skeletal muscles are also known as muscle fibres. It is attached to the skeleton

25
Q

what is skeletal muscle composed of?

A

long, cylindrical, multinucleate cells

26
Q

what are smooth muscle and where can they be found?

A

they are unstriated, small, uninucleate and spindle-shaped. found in the walls of hallow organs

27
Q

what are cardiac muscle and where can they be found?

A

they are striated, uninucleate and branched. can be found only in the heart

28
Q

what does the cardiac muscle have?

A

intercalated discs where cardiac cells are joined

29
Q

what does neurons specialize in?

A

generating and conducting electrical impulses

30
Q

what does neuroglia specialize in?

A

to support, insulate and protect the neurons

31
Q

what are the two ways tissue repair occurs?

A

regeneration and fibrosis

32
Q

what happens to damaged cells during regeneration?

A

damaged cells are replaced with the SAME TYPE OF CELL

33
Q

what happens to damaged cells during fibrosis?

A

damaged cells are replaced with FIBROUS CONNECTIVE TISSUE

34
Q

what are the 3 steps to tissue repair

A

1) inflammation
2) organization
3) regeneration/fibrosis

35
Q

what happens during inflammation?

A
  • prepares the area for repair
  • by dilating blood vessels and increasing in blood vessel permeability
  • chemicals are released by the damaged tissue
  • scabbing and clotting happens
36
Q

what happens during organization?

A
  • replaces the blood clot with granulation tissue
  • restore blood supply
37
Q

what happens during regeneration/fibrosis?

A
  • restore tissue
  • scab detaches as fibrous tissue mature
  • epithelium thickens and begins to resemble adjacent tissue
38
Q

what does scar tissue causes?

A
  • organs lose volume capacity
  • blocks substance from moving through organ
  • interfere with ability of muscles to contract or impair nerve transmissions

A&P FALL TERM EXAM 1 (6 decks)

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