lesson 13 reproductive hormones puberty and menstrual cycle Flashcards

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1
Q

what is puberty

A

the period in which adolescents start to develop secondary sexual characteristics

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2
Q

testosterone is produced in what

A

in testes

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3
Q

testosterone does what

A

stimulates sperm production

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4
Q

oestrogen is produced in what

A

the ovaries

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5
Q

what is in the middle of the female reproductive system

A

uterus

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6
Q

what is around the uterus

A

uterus lining

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7
Q

at the sides of the female reproductive system what is there

A

ovaries

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8
Q

the ovaries are connected to the uterus via what

A

fallopian tubes

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9
Q

eggs are kept inside what

A

ovaries

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10
Q

after ovulation where do the female eggs go from the ovaries

A

in the fallopian tubes to the uterus

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11
Q

after ovulation as the eggs go to the uterus, if this egg was fertilised, what would occur

A

it would go to the uterus lining
(otherwise it would break down and pass out)

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12
Q

what is the average length of the menstrual cycle

A

28 days
(varies a lot between different people)

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13
Q

what does the y axis tell us in the menstrual cycle graph

A

the thickness of the uterus wall

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14
Q

stage 1 of the menstrual cycle is known as what

A

menstruation

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15
Q

menstruation is what

A

the period of bleeding

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16
Q

how long does menstruation last

A

4 days

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17
Q

menstruation is due to what

A

the breakdown of the uterus lining

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18
Q

stage 2 is what in the menstrual cycle

A

when the lining start to build up again

19
Q

stage 2 is becomes what

A

a thick spongey layer, with lots of blood vessels surrounding it

20
Q

stage 2 of the menstrual cycle lasts how long

A

around 10 days
(up to day 14)

21
Q

what is the role of stage 2 in the menstrual cycle

A

to prepare the uterus lining for fertilised egg

22
Q

the fertilised egg implants where

A

into the uterus lining

23
Q

stage 3 of the menstrual cycle is what

A

ovulation

24
Q

how long does ovulation take place for

A

1 day

25
Q

ovulation (Stage 3) involves in what

A

one of the eggs being released from the ovaries

26
Q

stage 4 is for how long

A

14 days

(Stretches up till day 28)

27
Q

stage 4 involves what in the menstrual cycle

A

maintaining the lining of the uterus

28
Q

once we get to the end of the cycle and if no fertilised egg has made it to the uterus then what would occur

A

then the uterus fall would start to break down- going back to stage 1 meaning the whole cycle would repeat

29
Q

if there was a fertilised egg at the end of the cycle then what would occur

A

it would implant into the uterus lining and slowly develop into a fetus

30
Q

if at the end of a cycle and there is a fertilised egg, what happens to the cycle as a whole

A

it would stop, as the women is pregnant so there is no need for a cycle

31
Q

oestrogen does what in the menstrual cycle

A

it stimulates the uterus lining to grow

32
Q

oestrogen is produced where

A

in the ovaries

32
Q

progesterone is produced where

A

in the ovaries

33
Q

when does progesterone increase

A

in stage 4 and maintains the lining of the uterus

34
Q

if progesterone level drops what occurs

A

then the uterus lining breaks down

(this restarts the cycle)

35
Q

what are the other 2 hormones in the menstrual cycle

A

luteinising hormone (LH)
follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)

36
Q

where is LH and FSH produced

A

in the pituitary gland

37
Q

what is the role of FSH

A

its to stimulate one of the eggs to mature in one of the ovaries

38
Q

LH does what

A

stimulates the release of the egg at day 14
(ovulation)

39
Q

FSH stimulates the ovaries to produces what

A

oestrogen

(reasoning to why we see higher levels of FSH before the oestrogen increases)

40
Q

as the oestrogen levels start to increase, they start to inhibit what

A

FSH

(negative feedback)

41
Q

when oestrogen levels get high, they do what

A

stimulate the release of LH, causes the LH spike and results in ovulation

42
Q

progesterone inhibits both what

A

LH and FSH