lesson 13 reproductive hormones puberty and menstrual cycle Flashcards
what is puberty
the period in which adolescents start to develop secondary sexual characteristics
testosterone is produced in what
in testes
testosterone does what
stimulates sperm production
oestrogen is produced in what
the ovaries
what is in the middle of the female reproductive system
uterus
what is around the uterus
uterus lining
at the sides of the female reproductive system what is there
ovaries
the ovaries are connected to the uterus via what
fallopian tubes
eggs are kept inside what
ovaries
after ovulation where do the female eggs go from the ovaries
in the fallopian tubes to the uterus
after ovulation as the eggs go to the uterus, if this egg was fertilised, what would occur
it would go to the uterus lining
(otherwise it would break down and pass out)
what is the average length of the menstrual cycle
28 days
(varies a lot between different people)
what does the y axis tell us in the menstrual cycle graph
the thickness of the uterus wall
stage 1 of the menstrual cycle is known as what
menstruation
menstruation is what
the period of bleeding
how long does menstruation last
4 days
menstruation is due to what
the breakdown of the uterus lining
stage 2 is what in the menstrual cycle
when the lining start to build up again
stage 2 is becomes what
a thick spongey layer, with lots of blood vessels surrounding it
stage 2 of the menstrual cycle lasts how long
around 10 days
(up to day 14)
what is the role of stage 2 in the menstrual cycle
to prepare the uterus lining for fertilised egg
the fertilised egg implants where
into the uterus lining
stage 3 of the menstrual cycle is what
ovulation
how long does ovulation take place for
1 day
ovulation (Stage 3) involves in what
one of the eggs being released from the ovaries
stage 4 is for how long
14 days
(Stretches up till day 28)
stage 4 involves what in the menstrual cycle
maintaining the lining of the uterus
once we get to the end of the cycle and if no fertilised egg has made it to the uterus then what would occur
then the uterus fall would start to break down- going back to stage 1 meaning the whole cycle would repeat
if there was a fertilised egg at the end of the cycle then what would occur
it would implant into the uterus lining and slowly develop into a fetus
if at the end of a cycle and there is a fertilised egg, what happens to the cycle as a whole
it would stop, as the women is pregnant so there is no need for a cycle
oestrogen does what in the menstrual cycle
it stimulates the uterus lining to grow
oestrogen is produced where
in the ovaries
progesterone is produced where
in the ovaries
when does progesterone increase
in stage 4 and maintains the lining of the uterus
if progesterone level drops what occurs
then the uterus lining breaks down
(this restarts the cycle)
what are the other 2 hormones in the menstrual cycle
luteinising hormone (LH)
follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
where is LH and FSH produced
in the pituitary gland
what is the role of FSH
its to stimulate one of the eggs to mature in one of the ovaries
LH does what
stimulates the release of the egg at day 14
(ovulation)
FSH stimulates the ovaries to produces what
oestrogen
(reasoning to why we see higher levels of FSH before the oestrogen increases)
as the oestrogen levels start to increase, they start to inhibit what
FSH
(negative feedback)
when oestrogen levels get high, they do what
stimulate the release of LH, causes the LH spike and results in ovulation
progesterone inhibits both what
LH and FSH
