Lesson 13 Flashcards
The _______ Age began in the late1700s and lasted until the mid-to-late1900s.
Much of the it was characterized by an
optimistic emphasis on scientific evidence, efficiency, and progress.
Modern
_______ started as a shoe cobbler—but not very
successfully.
He was an excellent linguist, having taught himself
five languages!
He opened a language school—but was not particularly skilled as a teacher.
William Carey
Some _______ (“Particular Baptists”) in Carey’s day decided that evangelism was not necessary.
Calvinistic Baptists
Carey persisted, showing from Scripture that _______ and _______ go hand-in-hand.
Calvinism and missions
In India:
A doctor stole Carey’s support.
Carey’s wife lapsed into insanity.
Two of their children died.
A fire destroyed much of his work.
Still, Carey persisted; he translated the New
Testament into _______ and laid the
foundations for thousands of future missionaries.
24 Indian languages
_______—the
belief that God will never condemn anyone.
One result of such unbiblical theology was spiritual darkness and apathy.
universalism
Many American Christians began to
seek a renewed vision of God’s truth.
“_______” were one expression of this desire
for a renewed awareness of God.
Camp meetings
One of the most
significant camp meetings occurred in August 1801, in _______.
Cane Ridge, Kentucky
The pastor, _______,
expected 10,000 people at most. More than 20,000 people showed up!
Barton W. Stone
In Stone’s camp meetingHundreds of pioneers repented of sins and turned to God. This marked the beginning of
the ______________, a series of American
revivals that spanned three decades.
Second Great Awakening
After the Cane Ridge meeting, Stone became
convinced that Christians should leave denominations behind and return to the Bible only.
His goal was to restore New Testament Christianity.
Possess the faith and observe/obey the doctrines taught by Christ and the Apostles (Mtt. 28:20; Acts
4:20, 29; 2 Cor. 4:13; 2 Peter 1-3; Jude 3; 2John 9)
The Restoration Movement
_______ Scotland, went to America in the
year 1808 to join with his father, Thomas Campbell
Alexander Campbell
A former lawyer named _______ was a key figure in the Second Great Awakening.
Became a Christian in 1821; the day after he
became a Christian, he became a preacher.
Charles G. Finney
Known as the “Prince of Preachers,” was a
Calvinist Baptist pastor in London.
He proclaimed God’s Word to more than 10million people during his lifetime—an amazing feat before radio and television. •ñ
Throughout his life, he defended historic Christian orthodoxy and called all
people to trust Jesus. He also spoke out against American slavery, sponsored orphanages, and supported laborers when
they were treated unfairly.
Charles Spurgeon
_______, an African American slave, gained her
Freedom in 1843.
She changed her name to “_______” and
Travelled “up and down the land, showing people their sins,” calling Christians to see the need for social reforms.
Isabella
Sojourner Truth
The _______ began in April 1861 and
lasted until April 1865.
Christians in the North and South both claimed that
God supported their cause.
In the end, slavery ended—but the struggle for racial equality continued.
American Civil War
Four ways Christians responded to Modernity:
- Reflecting the Modern Age
- Resisting the Modern Age
- Rejecting the Modern Age
- Redeeming the Modern Age
Optimism about humanity’s capacity to progress and to create a better world characterized much of the Modern Age.
This emphasis on progress and on human capacities for change presented many challenges.
Influenced by _______, science and history
were gradually moved out of the domain of faith. Religious faith became a matter of subjective feelings and good morals—not objective truth.
Immanuel Kant
The father of theological
liberalism, developed beliefs that reflected modernity.
The essence of faith is not any historical act of God; it is the individual’s sense of dependence on transcendent reality.
Friedrich Schleiermacher
Denounced the idea that he “should
harmonize himself with recent civilization.”
He assembled the First Vatican Council in 1868.
The council declared the pope to be infallible
whenever he “defines a doctrine.”
Pope Pius IX
Rejected modern scholarship and
ignored theological studies.
He viewed the world as a “wrecked vessel” and
worked passionately to share a simple gospel.
Dwight L. Moody
Was a principal of Princeton University,
believed that faith in the accuracy and authority of
Scripture could go hand in-hand with serious theological
scholarship.
Benjamin Breckenridge Warfield
B.B. Warfield contributed to a series of essays known as _______.
The Fundamentals
