Lesson 12: Subarctic Culture Area Flashcards
What are the physiographic regions of the Subarctic culture area? (name at least 3)
- to east massive canadian shield
- to west of canadian shield lies expanse of canadian Interior Plains which run north from Great Plains, but where seasonal conditions are too cold for many grasses and bison
- Rocky Mountains and Cordillera lay to west of Interior Plains, making up 3rd phsiographic region
- Alaska Plateau, region of interior highlands in eastern alaska western Yukon territory, along Yukon river stretches to west of cordillera
What language is spoken by peoples thro-out much of Canadian shield and west into Interior Plains
Algonquian
What group contains 3 geographically distinct dialects- ?, Innu, Naskopi, spoken from labrador thro central and northern Quebec, Ontario, Manitoba, Saskatchewan and Alberta
Cree
What group contains 4 regional dialects- Chippewa, Saulteaux, Ottawa, and Algonquian-concentrated in western Quebec, central and southern Ontario, Manitoba, Alberta, and eastern Saskatchewan
Ojibwe
Who reached the Americas first and where did they settle?
The Norse and at L’Anse aux Meadows
Who was the French explorer that sailed down St. Lawrence River?
Jacques Cartier
What was a trading post that the English put up on James Bay in 1670?
Hudson Bay Company
What did the Chipewyans refer the treeless Arctic tundra in the North?
Barren Grounds
What was the soil mostly?
Permafrost (ground was permanently frozen except for thin surface mantle warmed by sun)
What is the region like in the south?
Borreal Forest ( pine,spruce, and fir with sheltered areas of aspen and birch)
what is a swampy coniferous forest that thins out into treeless tundra called?
Taiga
What is an area with marshes, swamps or peat bogs called?
Muskeg
Cultures either hunted what two animals?
Caribou and Moose
One most used tech was the what?
Tumpline to carry supplies
What was used for mobility in the Subartic?
Toboggans
Toboggans were made from what?
Babiche
What is some clothing that was worn?
Shirts, dresses and coats
What group was known for caribou hunting?
Chipewyan
Caribou hunting was done by using hat methods?
Communal methods
What group mostly hunted mooses?
Cree
Cree made calls from birch bark and would use them during what season?
Mating season to attract bull moose
what is the word for “to hide”?
Cache
What did women mostly spend their time on?
processing animal skins, lacing snowshoes and repairing clothing
Most subarctic groups saw men and women as ?
EQUALSSSS
Nuclear family households were linked together with other what?
Local Bands
Local bands were further grouped into larger what?
Regional bands
Who took charge of important community activities such as organization of communal hunting and fishing activities.
Headmen
Great Lynx or?
Mishipeshu
General terms for these various supernatural beings and for that inhabited world was ?
Manitoo
What was the most dangerous and evil of all spirits I Subartic religious beliefs?
Windigo
What was the dominant spiritual explanation for hunter’s ability to find and kill animals?
Self-offering
What was the special ceremonial string that was tied to plug and thro animals nostrils?
Nimapan
What animals didn’t provide much subartic diet but played important role in religious practice?
BEAR
Spiritual power of song is called what?
Medicine
Divination was important
FREEBIE
Shaman slept what way and why?
They slept west because they wanted to face the direction of death and danger to protect.
What did the shamans that “went bad” do?
Used their powers to entrap souls of normal people as they dreamed.
What ceremony were Shaman mostly needed for
Shaking Tent Ceremony
Grand Medicine Society or?
Midewiwin
Drawings on barkscrolls were used by who and why?
Mide priests and to record important events or performance of certain ceremonies
Descendents of french and N.A were known as what?
Metis
By the 18th century, British Hudson Bay Company established ? on fur trade in Canada
Monopoly
