Lesson 08: Southwest Culture Area - Pueblos People

Question 1

What are the cultures/inhabitants in the area? (name at least 3)

Answer 1

Mongollan, Ancestral Puebloan, Hohokan, Patayan

Question 2

What is the most recent group that moved into the North of the area? (was the 5th group)

Answer 2

Athabaskan

Question 3

Archaeologists refer to precursor of Ancestral Puebloan culture as ? phase

Answer 3

Basketmaker

Question 4

? in adaptation of corn agriculture

Answer 4

Delay

Question 5

Corn lacks necessary ?

Answer 5

Nutrient

Question 6

? interfered with hunt

Answer 6

Harvesting

Question 7

Animals, such as deer, acquire ? from licking mineral deposits in soil, which are then incorporated into their muscle tissue

Answer 7

Salt

Question 8

Was necessary to drop ?? into waterproof basket or hide bag in order to boil liquid (water, broth, soup, etc.)

Answer 8

Hot Stones

Question 9

First ? - round structures built into ground for performance of community rituals

Answer 9

Kivas

Question 10

Ancestral Puebloan: Increasing Regional Interaction ??

Answer 10

Chaco Phenomenon

Question 11

”??” of Ancestral Puebloan was between 900 and 1150 CE, period of greatest social and political complexity exhibited in region

Answer 11

“Golden Age”

Question 12

? de ? in Arizona and ?? in Colorado were 2 such communities in area

Answer 12

Canyon De Chelly; Mesa Verde

Question 13

? (“Vanished Ones” in O’odham) culture spans time period from around 200-1500 CE

Answer 13

Hohokam

Question 14

Architecture include small, stepped ? (built with soil rather than stone), hardened clay ball courts and trade in Macaw feathers, turquoise mosaics and copper bells

Answer 14

Pyramids

Question 15

Rumors of fables cities called ?? of ? or ??, came to Mexico from 2 brief visits by Spanish explorers to pueblo of Zuni in New Mexico in early 16th century

Answer 15

Seven Cities of Cibola or El Dorado

Question 16

One Hopi myth involved mythical being names ? (“little white brother”) who would someday return to them and usher in age of peace

Answer 16

Pahana

Question 17

In 1680, ?? was led by Tewa Indian and religious leader named ?

Answer 17

Pueblo Revolt; Pope

Question 18

Pueblo warriors killed every ? and approx. 400 settlers, burned most of churches and ranches, destroyed Spanish settlement at Sante Fe

Answer 18

Priest

Question 19

? is flatbread of cornmeal, water and woodash that is baked on greased slab of sandstone

Answer 19

Piki

Question 20

Groups of male relatives worked agricultural land that they were allotted thro ? or ?

Answer 20

Birth or Marriage

Question 21

? of ?? was another Pueblo religious tradition with significant ecological and economic implications

Answer 21

Blessing of Seed Ceremony

Question 22

Family consisted of core of ? living with men who married into household

Answer 22

Women

Question 23

Each pueblo had its own stories, about how various clans gathered form many places to “? of ?”

Answer 23

Center of Universe

Question 24

Each lineage and clan had its own totemic entity called ?

Answer 24

Wuya

Question 25

Wuya were source of identity and supernatural power and ? (human-made object believed to have supernatural powers) that represented this being was kept in ancestral house of clan

Answer 25

Wuya

Question 26

There was usually someone who was referred to as village chief, but he was really more of benign ? who had no real coercive authority

Answer 26

Father

Question 27

For ?, ancestors are considered so sacred that they are never spoken doubt by personal names but instead addressed as general category - eg. “the ancestors” or “our ancestors”

Answer 27

Zunis

Question 28

Hopis believed that upon death, “??” (spirit or soul) of deceased journeyed to underworld and continued to exist as it did on Earth, tho it only consumed essence of food

Answer 28

Breath Body

Question 29

?? took place in late August and was way to intercede with spirits and ancestors bring rain for good harvest

Answer 29

Snake Dance

Question 30

Many ceremonies were held in ? - special ceremonial structures we have covered already during our discussion of ancient southwest

Answer 30

Kivas

Question 31

they were no longer in their subterranea world, so people emerged thro Earth’s naval or ?

Answer 31

Sipapo

Question 32

Conduction successful ceremonies required control of knowledge, behavior and ritual, and having “??”

Answer 32

“Good Heart”

Question 33

? were spiritual beings that served as messangers and mediators of supernatural

Answer 33

Kachinas

Question 34

For Hopi, this annual cycle began at winter solstice, ? when Kachinas traveled from their homes in San Fran Mountains to Kivas, where they emerged to help preform necessary rites

Answer 34

Powamu

Question 35

?, for ex., was eagle Kachina

Answer 35

Kwahu

Question 36

By doing outrageous things that are not permitted for ordinary people, ? break social norms

Answer 36

Clowns